Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; IRCCS, Instituto Auxologico Italiano, S. Luca Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 Mar;12(3):500-515. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.10.035.
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is an independent predictor of death. Lately, emerging technologies for the treatment of TR have increased the interest of physicians. Due to the complex 3-dimensional (3D) geometry of the tricuspid valve (TV) and its anterior position in the mediastinum, conventional 2D echocardiography is unsuitable to study the anatomy and pathophysiologic mechanisms of the regurgitant TV. 3D echocardiography has emerged as a very cost-effective imaging modality with which to: 1) visualize the TV anatomy; 2) define the mechanism of TR; 3) measure the size and geometry of the tricuspid annulus; 4) analyze the anatomic relationships between TV apparatus and surrounding cardiac structures; 5) assess volumes and function of the right atrium and ventricle; and 6) plan surgical repair or guide and monitor transcatheter interventional procedures.
三尖瓣反流（TR）是死亡的独立预测因子。最近，用于治疗 TR 的新兴技术增加了医生的兴趣。由于三尖瓣（TV）的复杂 3 维（3D）几何形状及其在前纵隔中的位置，传统的 2 维超声心动图不适合研究反流 TV 的解剖结构和病理生理机制。3D 超声心动图已成为一种非常具有成本效益的成像方式，可以：1）可视化 TV 解剖结构；2）定义 TR 机制；3）测量三尖瓣环的大小和几何形状；4）分析 TV 装置与周围心脏结构之间的解剖关系；5）评估右心房和心室的容积和功能；6）计划手术修复或指导和监测经导管介入程序。
