Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2018 Mar 28;9:635. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00635. eCollection 2018.
The liver represents a unique organ biased toward a tolerogenic milieu. Due to its anatomical location, it is constantly exposed to microbial and food-derived antigens from the gut and thus equipped with a complex cellular network that ensures dampening T-cell responses. Within this cellular network, parenchymal cells (hepatocytes), non-parenchymal cells (liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells), and immune cells contribute directly or indirectly to this process. Despite this refractory bias, the liver is capable of mounting efficient T-cell responses. How the various antigen-presenting cell (APC) populations contribute to this process and how they handle danger signals determine the outcome of the generated immune responses. Importantly, liver mounted responses convey consequences not only for the local but also to systemic immunity. Here, we discuss various aspects of antigen presentation and its consequences by the non-professional APCs in the liver microenvironment.
肝脏是一种具有独特免疫耐受倾向的器官。由于其解剖位置，肝脏经常暴露于来自肠道的微生物和食物源性抗原，因此配备了一个复杂的细胞网络，以确保抑制 T 细胞反应。在这个细胞网络中，实质细胞（肝细胞）、非实质细胞（肝窦内皮细胞和肝星状细胞）和免疫细胞直接或间接地参与了这个过程。尽管存在这种免疫耐受倾向，但肝脏仍能够有效地产生 T 细胞反应。各种抗原提呈细胞（APC）群体如何促进这一过程，以及它们如何处理危险信号，决定了产生的免疫反应的结果。重要的是，肝脏所产生的反应不仅对局部，而且对全身免疫都有影响。在这里，我们讨论了非专业 APC 在肝脏微环境中抗原提呈的各个方面及其后果。
