Denny Lynette, Ngan Hextan Y S
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006 Nov;94 Suppl 1:S50-S55. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7292(07)60010-1.
Cervical cancer remains the commonest cancer among women in developing countries, affecting women at their peak of social and economic responsibility. In poor countries where access to diagnosis and treatment is extremely limited, most of the affected women present with late-stage disease. Many do not even have access to palliative care. Outcome in women treated for cervical cancer is strongly influenced by the stage of diagnosis. The main treatment modalities remain surgical removal for early-stage disease and chemoradiation for late-stage disease. Cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, and anus are much less common than cervical cancer although, in most cases, they also are associated with human papillomavirus infection. Diagnosis and chief treatment modalities for cervical and these less common cancers are discussed.
宫颈癌仍是发展中国家女性中最常见的癌症，患病女性正值承担社会和经济责任的高峰期。在诊断和治疗机会极为有限的贫穷国家，大多数患病女性就诊时已是疾病晚期。许多人甚至无法获得姑息治疗。宫颈癌女性患者的治疗结果受诊断分期的影响很大。主要治疗方式仍是早期疾病采用手术切除，晚期疾病采用放化疗。外阴癌、阴道癌、阴茎癌和肛门癌比宫颈癌少见得多，不过在大多数情况下，它们也与人乳头瘤病毒感染有关。本文将讨论宫颈癌以及这些较罕见癌症的诊断和主要治疗方式。
