Rafael Tynisha S, Rotman Jossie, Brouwer Oscar R, van der Poel Henk G, Mom Constantijne H, Kenter Gemma G, de Gruijl Tanja D, Jordanova Ekaterina S
Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Clin Med. 2022 Feb 19;11(4):1101. doi: 10.3390/jcm11041101.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives tumorigenesis in almost all cervical cancers and a fraction of vulvar and penile cancers. Due to increasing incidence and low vaccination rates, many will still have to face HPV-related morbidity and mortality in the upcoming years. Current treatment options (i.e., surgery and/or chemoradiation) for urogenital (pre-)malignancies can have profound psychosocial and psychosexual effects on patients. Moreover, in the setting of advanced disease, responses to current therapies remain poor and nondurable, highlighting the unmet need for novel therapies that prevent recurrent disease and improve clinical outcome. Immunotherapy can be a useful addition to the current therapeutic strategies in various settings of disease, offering relatively fewer adverse effects and potential improvement in survival. This review discusses immune evasion mechanisms accompanying HPV infection and HPV-related tumorigenesis and summarizes current immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of HPV-related (pre-)malignant lesions of the uterine cervix, vulva, and penis.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染几乎在所有宫颈癌以及一部分外阴癌和阴茎癌的肿瘤发生过程中起推动作用。由于发病率不断上升以及疫苗接种率较低，未来几年仍有许多人将不得不面对HPV相关的发病和死亡情况。目前针对泌尿生殖系统（癌前）恶性肿瘤的治疗选择（即手术和/或放化疗）可能会对患者产生深远的心理社会和性心理影响。此外，在晚期疾病的情况下，当前疗法的疗效仍然较差且不持久，这凸显了对预防疾病复发和改善临床结局的新型疗法的未满足需求。免疫疗法在各种疾病背景下都可以成为当前治疗策略的有益补充，其副作用相对较少，并且有可能提高生存率。本综述讨论了伴随HPV感染和HPV相关肿瘤发生的免疫逃逸机制，并总结了目前用于治疗子宫颈、外阴和阴茎HPV相关（癌前）恶性病变的免疫治疗方法。
