Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070, Frick, Switzerland.
Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
Plant Cell Environ. 2019 Jan;42(1):20-40. doi: 10.1111/pce.13214. Epub 2018 Jul 3.
Root and foot diseases severely impede grain legume cultivation worldwide. Breeding lines with resistance against individual pathogens exist, but these resistances are often overcome by the interaction of multiple pathogens in field situations. Novel tools allow to decipher plant-microbiome interactions in unprecedented detail and provide insights into resistance mechanisms that consider both simultaneous attacks of various pathogens and the interplay with beneficial microbes. Although it has become clear that plant-associated microbes play a key role in plant health, a systematic picture of how and to what extent plants can shape their own detrimental or beneficial microbiome remains to be drawn. There is increasing evidence for the existence of genetic variation in the regulation of plant-microbe interactions that can be exploited by plant breeders. We propose to consider the entire plant holobiont in resistance breeding strategies in order to unravel hidden parts of complex defence mechanisms. This review summarizes (a) the current knowledge of resistance against soil-borne pathogens in grain legumes, (b) evidence for genetic variation for rhizosphere-related traits, (c) the role of root exudation in microbe-mediated disease resistance and elaborates (d) how these traits can be incorporated in resistance breeding programmes.
根和豆科作物的病害严重阻碍了全球的粮食生产。虽然已经培育出了针对个别病原体的抗性品种，但在田间情况下，这些抗性往往会被多种病原体的相互作用所克服。新的工具可以以前所未有的细节来解析植物-微生物组的相互作用，并深入了解抗性机制，这些机制同时考虑了各种病原体的同时攻击和与有益微生物的相互作用。尽管已经清楚地认识到植物相关微生物在植物健康中起着关键作用，但对于植物如何以及在多大程度上能够塑造自己的有害或有益微生物组，仍然需要进行系统的研究。越来越多的证据表明，在植物-微生物相互作用的调控中存在遗传变异，这些变异可以被植物育种家利用。我们建议在抗性育种策略中考虑整个植物整体，以揭示复杂防御机制的隐藏部分。本综述总结了（a）豆科作物中对土传病原体的抗性的现有知识，（b）与根际相关的性状的遗传变异的证据，（c）根分泌物在微生物介导的抗病性中的作用，并详细阐述了（d）如何将这些性状纳入抗性育种计划。
