Copplestone D, Hirth G, Johansen M, Lazo E, Takala J, Sakai K, Yankovich T
a Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
b Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Australia.
Ann ICRP. 2018 Oct;47(3-4):304-312. doi: 10.1177/0146645318756837. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recognises three types of exposure situations: planned, existing, and emergency. In all three situations, the release of radionuclides into the natural environment leads to exposures of non-human biota, as well as the potential for exposures of the public. This paper describes how the key principles of the ICRP system of radiological protection apply to non-human biota and members of the public in each of these exposure situations. Current work in this area within ICRP Task Group 105 is highlighted. For example, how simplified numeric criteria may be used in planned exposure situations that are protective of both the public and non-human biota. In emergency exposure situations, the initial response will always be focused on human protection; however, understanding the potential impacts of radionuclide releases on non-human biota will likely become important in terms of communication as governments and the public seek to understand the exposures that are occurring. For existing exposure situations, there is a need to better understand the potential impacts of radionuclides on animals and plants, especially when deciding on protective actions. Understanding the comparative impacts from radiological, non-radiological, and physical aspects is often important in managing the remediation of legacy sites. Task Group 105 is making use of case studies of how exposure situations have been managed in the past to provide additional guidance and advice for the protection of non-human biota.
国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）认可三种照射情况：计划照射、现存照射和应急照射。在这三种情况下，放射性核素向自然环境的释放都会导致非人类生物群受到照射，以及公众受到照射的可能性。本文描述了ICRP放射防护体系的关键原则如何适用于每种照射情况下的非人类生物群和公众。重点介绍了ICRP第105任务组在该领域的当前工作。例如，在既保护公众又保护非人类生物群的计划照射情况下如何使用简化的数值标准。在应急照射情况下，初始应对措施始终会侧重于保护人类；然而，随着政府和公众试图了解正在发生的照射情况，了解放射性核素释放对非人类生物群的潜在影响在沟通方面可能会变得很重要。对于现存照射情况，有必要更好地了解放射性核素对动植物的潜在影响，尤其是在决定采取保护行动时。在管理遗留场地的修复工作时，了解放射性、非放射性和物理方面的比较影响通常很重要。第105任务组正在利用过去如何管理照射情况的案例研究，为保护非人类生物群提供更多指导和建议。
