Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Trondheim, Norway; Egil & Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
Neuroimage. 2018 Jul 15;175:379-387. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.012. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
Eye movements induce visual motion that can complicate the stable perception of the world. The visual system compensates for such self-induced visual motion by integrating visual input with efference copies of eye movement commands. This mechanism is central as it does not only support perceptual stability but also mediates reliable perception of world-centered objective motion. In humans, it remains elusive whether visual motion responses in early retinotopic cortex are driven by objective motion or by retinal motion associated with it. To address this question, we used fMRI to examine functional responses of sixteen visual areas to combinations of planar objective motion and pursuit eye movements. Observers were exposed to objective motion that was faster, matched or slower relative to pursuit, allowing us to compare conditions that differed in objective motion velocity while retinal motion and eye movement signals were matched. Our results show that not only higher level motion regions such as V3A and V6, but also early visual areas signaled the velocity of objective motion, hence the product of integrating retinal with non-retinal signals. These results shed new light on mechanisms that mediate perceptual stability and real-motion perception, and show that extra-retinal signals related to pursuit eye movements influence processing in human early visual cortex.
眼球运动引起视觉运动，这可能会使世界的稳定感知变得复杂。视觉系统通过将视觉输入与眼球运动指令的传出副本进行整合，来补偿这种自我诱导的视觉运动。这种机制是至关重要的，因为它不仅支持感知稳定性，还介导对以世界为中心的客观运动的可靠感知。在人类中，视觉运动反应在早期视网膜皮层中是由客观运动还是与它相关的视网膜运动驱动的，这仍然难以确定。为了解决这个问题，我们使用 fMRI 检查了 16 个视觉区域对平面客观运动和追踪眼球运动组合的功能反应。观察者暴露于相对于追踪更快、匹配或更慢的客观运动中，这使我们能够比较在视网膜运动和眼球运动信号匹配的情况下，客观运动速度不同的条件。我们的结果表明，不仅更高层次的运动区域，如 V3A 和 V6，而且早期视觉区域也能指示客观运动的速度，因此整合了视网膜和非视网膜信号的产物。这些结果为介导感知稳定性和真实运动感知的机制提供了新的见解，并表明与追踪眼球运动相关的额外视网膜信号会影响人类早期视觉皮层的处理。
