School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Sep 1;634:696-704. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.350. Epub 2018 Apr 9.
The urban heat island (UHI) effect is becoming more of a concern with the accelerated process of urbanization. However, few studies have examined the effect of urban form on land surface temperature (LST) especially from an urban planning perspective. This paper used spatial regression model to investigate the effects of both land use composition and urban form on LST in Wuhan City, China, based on the regulatory planning management unit. Landsat ETM+ image data was used to estimate LST. Land use composition was calculated by impervious surface area proportion, vegetated area proportion, and water proportion, while urban form indicators included sky view factor (SVF), building density, and floor area ratio (FAR). We first tested for spatial autocorrelation of urban LST, which confirmed that a traditional regression method would be invalid. A spatial error model (SEM) was chosen because its parameters were better than a spatial lag model (SLM). The results showed that urban form metrics should be the focus for mitigation efforts of UHI effects. In addition, analysis of the relationship between urban form and UHI effect based on the regulatory planning management unit was helpful for promoting corresponding UHI effect mitigation rules in practice. Finally, the spatial regression model was recommended to be an appropriate method for dealing with problems related to the urban thermal environment. Results suggested that the impact of urbanization on the UHI effect can be mitigated not only by balancing various land use types, but also by optimizing urban form, which is even more effective. This research expands the scientific understanding of effects of urban form on UHI by explicitly analyzing indicators closely related to urban detailed planning at the level of regulatory planning management unit. In addition, it may provide important insights and effective regulation measures for urban planners to mitigate future UHI effects.
城市热岛（UHI）效应随着城市化进程的加速而变得越来越受到关注。然而，很少有研究从城市规划的角度考察城市形态对地表温度（LST）的影响。本文基于规划管理单元，利用空间回归模型研究了土地利用构成和城市形态对中国武汉市地表温度的影响。使用 Landsat ETM+ 图像数据估算地表温度。土地利用构成通过不透水面比例、植被面积比例和水体比例来计算，而城市形态指标包括天空视域因子（SVF）、建筑密度和建筑面积比（FAR）。我们首先检验了城市地表温度的空间自相关，证实了传统回归方法将是无效的。选择空间误差模型（SEM）是因为其参数优于空间滞后模型（SLM）。结果表明，城市形态指标应该是缓解 UHI 效应的重点。此外，基于规划管理单元的城市形态与 UHI 效应关系的分析有助于在实践中推广相应的 UHI 效应缓解规则。最后，推荐空间回归模型是处理与城市热环境相关问题的合适方法。结果表明，通过平衡各种土地利用类型以及优化城市形态，不仅可以减轻城市化对 UHI 效应的影响，而且效果更好。本研究通过在规划管理单元层面明确分析与城市详细规划密切相关的指标，扩展了城市形态对 UHI 效应影响的科学认识。此外，它可能为城市规划者提供重要的见解和有效的调控措施，以减轻未来的 UHI 效应。
