School of Automotive Engineering, Shandong Yingcai University, P.O. Box 250104, Jinan, China.
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, P.O. Box 250061, Jinan, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Apr 12;190(5):276. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6593-7.
In this study, passenger comfort and the air pollution status of the micro-environmental conditions in an air-conditioned bus were investigated through questionnaires, field measurements, and a numerical simulation. As a subjective analysis, passengers' perceptions of indoor environmental quality and comfort levels were determined from questionnaires. As an objective analysis, a numerical simulation was conducted using a discrete phase model to determine the diffusion and distribution of pollutants, including particulate matter with a diameter < 10 μm (PM), which were verified by experimental results. The results revealed poor air quality and dissatisfactory thermal comfort conditions in Jinan's air-conditioned bus system. To solve these problems, three scenarios (schemes A, B, C) were designed to alter the ventilation parameters. According to the results of an improved simulation of these scenarios, reducing or adding air outputs would shorten the time taken to reach steady-state conditions and weaken the airflow or lower the temperature in the cabin. The airflow pathway was closely related to the layout of the air conditioning. Scheme B lowered the temperature by 0.4 K and reduced the airflow by 0.01 m/s, while scheme C reduced the volume concentration of PM to 150 μg/m. Changing the air supply angle could further improve the airflow and reduce the concentration of PM. With regard to the perception of airflow and thermal comfort, the scheme with an airflow provided by a 60° nozzle was considered better, and the concentration of PM was reduced to 130 μg/m.
本研究通过问卷调查、现场测量和数值模拟，调查了空调公交车内乘客舒适度和微环境空气污染物状况。作为主观分析，通过问卷调查确定了乘客对室内环境质量和舒适度的感知。作为客观分析，使用离散相模型进行数值模拟，以确定包括直径<10μm 的颗粒物（PM）在内的污染物的扩散和分布，并通过实验结果进行验证。结果表明，济南空调公交车系统空气质量较差，热舒适条件不理想。为了解决这些问题，设计了三种方案（方案 A、B、C）来改变通风参数。根据这些方案改进模拟的结果，减少或增加空气输出会缩短达到稳定状态的时间，并削弱机舱内的气流或降低温度。气流路径与空调的布局密切相关。方案 B 将温度降低了 0.4K，气流减少了 0.01m/s，而方案 C 将 PM 的体积浓度降低到 150μg/m。改变送风角度可以进一步改善气流并降低 PM 的浓度。关于气流和热舒适度的感知，认为提供 60°喷嘴气流的方案更好，并且 PM 的浓度降低到 130μg/m。
