Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan Province, Iran.
Chemosphere. 2018 Aug;204:71-78. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.027. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Mine tailings have adverse chemical and physical conditions, including high concentrations of metals and salts, low organic matter content, and unbalanced rates of nutrients which limit the development of vegetation. A large scale field experiment was conducted to reclaim a tailing pond by triggering the growth of native species by spontaneous colonization by tilling (TL) the tailing pond surface and using marble waste (CaCO; MW), pig slurry (PS) and their combination (MW + PS) as soil amendments. Soil physicochemical properties and water and DTPA extractable metal concentrations of bulk and rhizosphere soils were analyzed after five year from the application of the treatments. In addition, plants of Atriplex halimus from each treatment were collected and metals in roots, leaves and stems analyzed. Before amendments application, the studied pond showed a neutral pH, high salinity and a moderate organic carbon content. After five years, the pH value was significantly increased only in MW plot. The results showed significant increases of DTPA-extractable Zn in MW and MW + PS plots, Pb in all treatments except MW plot, Cd only in PS plot, and Cu only in MW + PS plot. A. halimus was the most dominant species, growing spontaneously in all plots, with lower vegetation cover in CT and MW plots, 6% and 2% respectively. Application of MW increased leaf Pb accumulation by 2.5-fold and Cd by 55%, when compared to the CT. The high initial salinity and probable substitution of metals by Ca on exchangeable surfaces of soil particles may be the reasons for higher uptake of metals in MW plot when compared to the other plots. Although this plant is widely utilized in contaminated sites for phytostabilization purposes, it may absorb and translocate high concentrations of metals to the aboveground tissues in saline contaminated sites.
矿山尾矿具有不利的化学和物理条件，包括高浓度的金属和盐、低有机物含量以及养分供应不平衡，这些因素限制了植被的生长。为了通过触发自然定居来促进本地物种的生长，从而对尾矿池塘进行复垦，本研究开展了一项大规模田间试验。具体方法是翻耕尾矿池塘表面，并使用大理石废料（CaCO3）、猪粪（PS）及其组合（MW+PS）作为土壤改良剂。在应用这些处理措施五年后，分析了原状和根际土壤的物理化学性质以及土壤中水分和 DTPA 可提取金属的浓度。此外，还从每个处理的滨藜属植物中收集了金属，分析了根、叶和茎中的金属含量。在进行改良剂应用之前，研究池塘的 pH 值呈中性，盐度较高，有机碳含量适中。五年后，仅在 MW 处理区 pH 值显著升高。结果表明，MW 和 MW+PS 处理区的 DTPA 可提取 Zn 显著增加，除 MW 处理区外，所有处理区的 Pb 都增加，PS 处理区的 Cd 增加，MW+PS 处理区的 Cu 增加。滨藜属植物是最占优势的物种，在所有处理区均自然生长，但 CT 和 MW 处理区的植被覆盖率分别为 6%和 2%。与 CT 相比，MW 的应用使叶片 Pb 积累增加了 2.5 倍，Cd 增加了 55%。高初始盐度和土壤颗粒表面的金属可能被 Ca 取代，这可能是 MW 处理区与其他处理区相比吸收更多金属的原因。尽管这种植物被广泛用于污染场地进行植物稳定化，但它可能会吸收并向地上组织转运高浓度的金属，特别是在盐分污染的场地。
