Azizi Mitra, Faz Angel, Zornoza Raul, Martinez-Martinez Silvia, Acosta Jose A
Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Mar 7;12(6):1219. doi: 10.3390/plants12061219.
Mining activity has an adverse impact on the surrounding ecosystem, especially via the release of potentially toxic elements (PTEs); therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient technologies to remediate these ecosystems, especially soils. Phytoremediation can be potentially used to remediate contaminated areas by potentially toxic elements. However, in soils affected by polymetallic contamination, including metals, metalloids, and rare earth elements (REEs), it is necessary to evaluate the behavior of these toxic elements in the soil-plant system, which will allow the selection of the most appropriate native plants with phytoremediation potential to be used in phytoremediation programs. This study was conducted to evaluate the level of contamination of 29 metal(loid)s and REEs in two natural soils and four native plant species (, , , and ) growing in the vicinity of a Pb-(Ag)-Zn mine and asses their phytoextraction and phytostabilization potential. The results indicated that very high soil contamination was found for Zn, Fe, Al, Pb, Cd, As, Se, and Th, considerable to moderate contamination for Cu, Sb, Cs, Ge Ni, Cr, and Co, and low contamination for Rb, V, Sr, Zr, Sn, Y, Bi and U in the study area, dependent of sampling place. Available fraction of PTEs and REEs in comparison to total concentration showed a wide range from 0% for Sn to more than 10% for Pb, Cd, and Mn. Soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, and clay content affect the total, available, and water-soluble concentrations of different PTEs and REEs. The results obtained from plant analysis showed that the concentration of PTEs in shoots could be at a toxicity level (Zn, Pb, and Cr), lower than toxic but more than sufficient or natural concentration accepted in plants (Cd, Ni, and Cu) or at an acceptable level (e.g., V, As, Co, and Mn). Accumulation of PTEs and REEs in plants and the translocation from root to shoot varied between plant species and sampling soils. is the least efficient plant in the phytoremediation process; was a good candidate for phytostabilization of Pb, Cd, Cu, V, and As, and for phytoextraction of Zn, Cd, Mn, and Mo. All plant species except could be potential candidates for phytostabilization of REEs, while none of the plant species has the potential to be used in the phytoextraction of REEs.
采矿活动对周围生态系统有不利影响，尤其是通过释放潜在有毒元素（PTEs）；因此，迫切需要开发高效技术来修复这些生态系统，特别是土壤。植物修复有可能用于修复受潜在有毒元素污染的区域。然而，在受多金属污染影响的土壤中，包括金属、类金属和稀土元素（REEs），有必要评估这些有毒元素在土壤 - 植物系统中的行为，这将有助于选择具有植物修复潜力的最合适本地植物用于植物修复计划。本研究旨在评估两个天然土壤以及在一个铅 - （银） - 锌矿附近生长的四种本地植物物种（、、和）中29种金属（类金属）和稀土元素的污染水平，并评估它们的植物提取和植物稳定化潜力。结果表明，研究区域内锌、铁、铝、铅、镉、砷、硒和钍的土壤污染程度非常高，铜、锑、铯、锗、镍、铬和钴的污染程度为中等至相当程度，铷、钒、锶、锆、锡、钇、铋和铀的污染程度较低，这取决于采样地点。与总浓度相比，PTEs和REEs的有效部分显示出很大范围，从锡的0%到铅、镉和锰的超过10%。土壤性质如pH值、电导率和粘土含量会影响不同PTEs和REEs的总量、有效量和水溶性浓度。从植物分析获得的结果表明，地上部分PTEs的浓度可能处于毒性水平（锌、铅和铬）、低于毒性但高于植物中可接受的充足或自然浓度（镉、镍和铜）或处于可接受水平（例如钒、砷、钴和锰）。PTEs和REEs在植物中的积累以及从根到地上部分的转运在不同植物物种和采样土壤之间有所不同。是植物修复过程中效率最低的植物；是铅、镉、铜、钒和砷植物稳定化的良好候选植物，是锌、镉、锰和钼植物提取的良好候选植物。除了之外的所有植物物种都可能是REEs植物稳定化的潜在候选植物，而没有一个植物物种有潜力用于REEs的植物提取。
