MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, B-5, Greater Kailash Enclave-II, New Delhi, 110048, India.
Reprod Health. 2018 Apr 13;15(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s12978-018-0500-0.
Social inequities in early child bearing persist among young married people, especially among tribal populations in India. Rural women belonging to tribal groups and those coming from poor households are more likely to give birth before age 18. This paper explores the connection between ethnicity, gender and early fertility intention among young married people in rural India.
The data is drawn from a cross sectional baseline evaluation of an intervention programme in rural India. A sample of 273 married young people was taken. Respondents were selected using systematic random sampling. Logistic Regression was used to assess the effect of being a tribal on early fertility intention and also to determine if covariates associated with early fertility intention differed by tribal status. Qualitative data was analysed using deductive content analysis approach.
Bivariate and logistic regression results indicated that young married people from tribal communities had higher odds of planning a child within one year of marriage than non-tribals (OR = 1.47, p-value-0.079). Findings further suggest that early fertility intention among tribals is driven by gender factors and higher education and among non-tribals, higher education and awareness on contraception are key predictors. Among tribals, the odds of planning a child within one year of marriage was strongly associated with inequitable gender norms (OR = 1.94, p-value-0.002). Higher education showed significant positive association with non-tribals (OR = 0.19, p-value-0.014) and positive association with tribals (OR = 0.56, p-value-0.416). Qualitative investigation confirms that fertility desires of young married people are strongly influenced by gender norms especially among tribal populations.
Early child bearing was underpinned by complex ethnic factors and gender norms. Preference for early child bearing was seen most among tribal communities. Gender attitudes were a cause of concern especially among tribal groups. These results suggest that efforts to improve early child birth will require changing gender norms related to fertility among tribals as well as social equity issues including higher education among non-tribals and tribals.
在印度的年轻已婚人群中，尤其是在部落群体中，仍然存在早育方面的社会不平等现象。来自贫困家庭的农村部落女性更有可能在 18 岁之前生育。本文探讨了印度农村地区年轻已婚人群中种族、性别与早期生育意愿之间的联系。
本研究的数据来自印度农村地区一项干预计划的横断面基线评估。抽取了 273 名已婚年轻人作为样本。使用系统随机抽样选择受访者。采用逻辑回归评估成为部落民对早期生育意愿的影响，并确定与早期生育意愿相关的协变量是否因部落民身份而有所不同。采用演绎内容分析方法对定性数据进行分析。
单变量和逻辑回归结果表明，来自部落社区的年轻已婚人群比非部落民更有可能在婚后一年内计划生育（OR=1.47，p 值为 0.079）。研究结果进一步表明，部落民的早期生育意愿受到性别因素和较高教育水平的驱动，而非部落民则主要受到较高教育水平和对避孕措施的认识的影响。在部落民中，婚后一年内计划生育的可能性与不平等的性别规范密切相关（OR=1.94，p 值为 0.002）。较高的教育水平与非部落民呈显著正相关（OR=0.19，p 值为 0.014），与部落民呈正相关（OR=0.56，p 值为 0.416）。定性研究证实，年轻已婚人群的生育意愿受到性别规范的强烈影响，尤其是在部落群体中。
早育受到复杂的种族因素和性别规范的影响。早育的偏好在部落群体中最为明显。性别态度是一个令人担忧的问题，尤其是在部落群体中。这些结果表明，要改善早育问题，需要改变与部落民生育相关的性别规范，以及包括非部落民和部落民在内的社会公平问题，包括提高教育水平。
