Hammer Sabine E, Tautscher Barbara, Pucher Erich, Kowarik Kerstin, Reschreiter Hans, Kern Anton, Haring Elisabeth
Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
Central Research Laboratories, Museum of Natural History Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria.
BMC Res Notes. 2018 Apr 13;11(1):243. doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3340-7.
In the Bronze Age Hallstatt metropolis ('Salzkammergut' region, Upper Austria), salt richness enabled the preservation of pork meat to sustain people's livelihood suggesting an organized meat production industry on a yearly basis of hundreds of pigs. To pattern the geographic and temporal framework of the early management of pig populations in the surrounding areas of Hallstatt, we want to gain insights into the phylogeographic network based on DNA sequence variation among modern pigs, wild boars and prehistoric (likely) domestic pigs.
In this pilot study, we successfully adapted ancient DNA extraction and sequencing approaches for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in ten prehistoric porcine teeth specimens. Minimum-spanning network analyses revealed unique mitochondrial control region DNA haplotypes ranging within the variation of modern domestic pig and wild boar lineages and even shared haplotypes between prehistoric and modern domestic pigs and wild boars were observed.
在青铜时代的哈尔施塔特大都市（奥地利上奥地利州“萨尔茨卡默古特”地区），丰富的盐分使得猪肉得以保存，维持了人们的生计，这表明当时存在一个每年养殖数百头猪的有组织的肉类生产行业。为了勾勒出哈尔施塔特周边地区早期猪群管理的地理和时间框架，我们希望通过现代猪、野猪和史前（可能是）家猪之间的DNA序列变异，深入了解系统发育地理网络。
在这项初步研究中，我们成功地采用了古代DNA提取和测序方法，对10个史前猪牙齿标本的线粒体DNA序列变异进行了分析。最小生成网络分析揭示了独特的线粒体控制区DNA单倍型，其范围在现代家猪和野猪谱系的变异范围内，甚至还观察到史前家猪与现代家猪和野猪之间共享的单倍型。
