School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
Neuropsychologia. 2018 Jun;114:65-76. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.009. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
Sensorimotor changes are well documented following reaches with altered visual feedback of the hand. Specifically, reaches are adapted and proprioceptive estimates of felt hand position shifted in the direction of the visual feedback experienced. While research has examined one's ability to retain reach adaptation, limited attention has been given to the retention of proprioceptive recalibration. This experiment examined retention of proprioceptive recalibration in the form of recall and savings (i.e., faster proprioceptive recalibration on subsequent testing days) over an extended period of time (i.e., four days). As well, we looked to determine the benefits of additional training on short-term retention (i.e., one day) of proprioceptive recalibration. Twenty-four participants trained to reach to a visual target while seeing a cursor that was rotated 30° clockwise relative to their hand on an initial day of testing. Half of the participants then completed additional reach training trials on 4 subsequent testing days (Training group), whereas the second half of participants did not complete additional training until Day 5 (Non-Training group). Participants provided estimates of their felt hand position on all 5 testing days to establish retention of proprioceptive recalibration. Results revealed that proprioceptive recalibration was recalled 24 h after initial training across all participants. Recall of proprioceptive recalibration was not observed on subsequent testing days for the Non-Training group, while recall of proprioceptive recalibration was retained at a similar level across all subsequent testing days for the Training group. Retention of proprioceptive recalibration in the form of savings was observed on Day 5 in the Non-Training group. These results reveal that short-term recall of proprioceptive recalibration does not benefit from additional training. Moreover, the different time scales (i.e., retention in the form of recall seen only at 24 h after initial training versus savings observed 4 days after initial training in the Non-Training group), suggest that distinct processes may underlie recall and savings of proprioceptive recalibration.
感觉运动变化在经过改变的手部视觉反馈后得到了很好的记录。具体来说，当人们体验到手的视觉反馈方向时，他们会调整伸手的动作，并改变对手感位置的估计。虽然研究已经检查了一个人保持伸手适应的能力，但对手感重新校准的保留却关注有限。本实验通过回忆和保存（即，在后续测试日更快地进行体感重新校准）来研究在较长时间内（即 4 天）保留体感重新校准的能力。此外，我们还研究了额外训练对短期（即 1 天）体感重新校准保留的影响。24 名参与者在第一天测试时，训练自己伸手去抓一个视觉目标，同时看到一个相对于他们手部顺时针旋转 30°的光标。然后，一半的参与者在接下来的 4 天测试日中完成了额外的伸手训练试验（训练组），而另一半参与者直到第 5 天（非训练组）才完成额外训练。所有参与者在所有 5 天的测试中提供了对手感位置的估计，以建立体感重新校准的保留能力。结果表明，所有参与者在初次训练后 24 小时内，都能回忆起体感重新校准。在非训练组中，在随后的测试日中并未观察到对手感重新校准的回忆，而在训练组中，在所有后续的测试日中，对手感重新校准的回忆都保持在相似的水平。在非训练组中，在第 5 天观察到了体感重新校准的保存。这些结果表明，额外训练并不能提高短期体感重新校准的回忆能力。此外，不同的时间尺度（即，仅在初次训练后 24 小时观察到的回忆和在非训练组中初次训练后 4 天观察到的保存）表明，不同的过程可能是回忆和保存体感重新校准的基础。
