Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China.
Adv Clin Chem. 2018;85:91-113. doi: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.02.005. Epub 2018 Mar 6.
Treatment effectiveness for kidney disease is limited by lack of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. The gold standard test renal biopsy along with serum creatinine and proteinuria is often necessary to establish a diagnosis, particularly in glomerular disease. Proteomics has become a powerful tool for novel biomarker discovery in kidney disease. Novel proteomics offer earlier and more accurate diagnosis of renal pathology than possible with traditional biomarkers such as serum creatinine and urine protein. In addition, proteomic biomarkers could also be useful to choose the most suitable therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the current status of proteomic biomarkers from animal models (5/6 nephrectomy, unilateral ureteral obstruction, and diabetic nephropathy) and human studies (chronic kidney disease, glomerular diseases, transplantation, dialysis, acute and drug-induced kidney injury) to assess relevant findings and clinical usefulness. Current issues and problems related to the discovery, validation, and clinical application of proteomic biomarkers are discussed. We also describe several proteomic strategies highlighting technologic advancements, specimen selection, data processing and analysis. This review might provide help in future proteomic studies to improve the diagnosis and management of kidney disease.
治疗肾脏疾病的效果受到诊断、预后和治疗生物标志物准确性、敏感性和特异性的限制。肾活检以及血清肌酐和蛋白尿往往是建立诊断所必需的，尤其是在肾小球疾病中。蛋白质组学已成为肾脏疾病新生物标志物发现的有力工具。与血清肌酐和尿蛋白等传统生物标志物相比，新的蛋白质组学可更早、更准确地诊断肾脏病理。此外，蛋白质组学生物标志物也可用于选择最合适的治疗靶点。本文重点介绍了来自动物模型（5/6 肾切除术、单侧输尿管梗阻和糖尿病肾病）和人类研究（慢性肾脏病、肾小球疾病、移植、透析、急性和药物性肾损伤）的蛋白质组学生物标志物的现状，以评估相关发现和临床应用。讨论了与蛋白质组学生物标志物的发现、验证和临床应用相关的当前问题和挑战。我们还描述了几种蛋白质组学策略，突出了技术进步、标本选择、数据处理和分析。本文的综述可能有助于未来的蛋白质组学研究，以改善肾脏疾病的诊断和管理。
