Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK; ADAS, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge CB23 4NN, UK.
ADAS, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge CB23 4NN, UK.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2018 May;154:79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.04.002. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
Vine weevil, also known as black vine weevil, (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) is an economically important pest affecting soft fruit and nursery stock in temperate regions. We used laboratory and polytunnel experiments to investigate a novel control system based on autodissemination of spores of an entomopathogenic fungus to populations of adult vine weevils. The fungus was applied as a conidial powder, used on its own or formulated with talc, to a simple plastic refuge for vine weevils. The potential for adult weevils to disseminate the fungus was investigated first in polytunnel experiments using fluorescent powders applied to the refuge in lieu of fungal conidia. In this system, 88% of adult weevils came in contact with the powder within 48 h. When the powder was applied to five adult weevils that were then placed within a population of 35 potential recipients, it was transmitted on average to 75% of the recipient population within 7 days. Three isolates of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana isolate codes 433.99 and 1749.11 and Metarhizium brunneum isolate code 275.86), selected from a laboratory virulence screen. These three isolates were then investigated for efficacy when applied as conidial powders in artificial refuges placed among populations of adult weevils held in experimental boxes in the laboratory at 20 °C. Under this regime, the fungal isolates caused 70-90% mortality of adult weevils over 28 days. A final polytunnel experiment tested the efficacy of conidial powders of M. brunneum 275.86 placed in artificial refuges to increase vine weevil mortality. Overall weevil mortality was relatively low (26-41%) but was significantly higher in cages in which the conidial powders were placed in refuge traps than in cages with control traps. The lower weevil mortality recorded in the polytunnel experiment compared to the laboratory test was most likely a consequence of the greater amounts of inoculum required to kill adult weevils when conditions fluctuate between favourable and unfavourable temperatures e.g. below 15 °C. The potential of an autodissemination system for entomopathogenic fungi as a means of controlling vine weevil as part of an integrated pest management programme is discussed.
葡萄根瘤蚜，又称黑根瘤蚜，（Otiorhynchus sulcatus）是一种在温带地区影响软果和苗圃的重要经济害虫。我们使用实验室和塑料大棚实验来研究一种基于昆虫病原真菌孢子自动传播到成年葡萄根瘤蚜种群的新型控制系统。真菌被用作分生孢子粉，单独使用或与滑石粉混合使用，用于成年葡萄根瘤蚜的简单塑料避难所。首先在塑料大棚实验中研究了成年根瘤蚜传播真菌的潜力，使用荧光粉代替真菌分生孢子应用于避难所。在这个系统中，88%的成年根瘤蚜在 48 小时内接触到粉末。当将粉末应用于 5 只成年根瘤蚜，然后将其放置在 35 只潜在接受者的种群中时，它在 7 天内平均传播到 75%的接受者种群。从实验室毒力筛选中选择了三种昆虫病原真菌（绿僵菌分离株代码 433.99 和 1749.11 以及玫烟色棒束孢分离株代码 275.86）的分离株。然后，当将这些分离株作为分生孢子粉应用于放置在实验室实验箱中成年根瘤蚜种群之间的人工避难所时，研究了它们的功效，实验室的温度为 20°C。在这种情况下，真菌分离株在 28 天内导致成年根瘤蚜的死亡率为 70-90%。最后在塑料大棚实验中测试了放置在人工避难所中的玫烟色棒束孢 275.86分生孢子粉对增加葡萄根瘤蚜死亡率的功效。总体而言，根瘤蚜死亡率相对较低（26-41%），但在装有分生孢子粉的避难所陷阱的笼子中，死亡率明显高于装有对照陷阱的笼子。与实验室测试相比，在塑料大棚实验中记录的根瘤蚜死亡率较低，很可能是由于在有利和不利温度之间波动时，例如在 15°C 以下，杀死成年根瘤蚜所需的接种量增加所致。讨论了作为综合虫害管理计划的一部分，利用昆虫病原真菌的自动传播系统来控制葡萄根瘤蚜的潜力。
