Kleiner K A, Banks M S
School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1987 Nov;13(4):594-600. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.13.4.594.
We examined the determinants of 2-month-olds' preferences among facelike and abstract patterns. Observed preferences were compared with the predictions of two preference models--one based on stimulus energy (as measured by the amplitude spectrum) and the other based on stimulus structure (as measured by the phase spectrum). It is known that the phase spectrum is the primary determinant of perceived identity to adults. Twenty-five 2-month-olds saw six pairings of four patterns: a schematic face, a lattice, a pattern composed of the amplitude spectrum of the lattice and the phase spectrum of the face, and a pattern composed of the amplitude spectrum of the face and the phase spectrum of the lattice. Only patterns with the face's phase spectrum look facelike to adults. Unlike the preferences of newborns (Kleiner, 1987), 2-month-olds' preferences could be predicted from the phase spectrum but not from the amplitude spectrum. In other words, the 2-month-olds preferred the patterns that looked facelike to adults. These results offer clear evidence that 2-month-olds' preferences for facelike patterns are not governed by stimulus energy.
我们研究了2个月大婴儿在类脸图案和抽象图案之间的偏好决定因素。将观察到的偏好与两种偏好模型的预测结果进行了比较——一种基于刺激能量（通过振幅谱测量），另一种基于刺激结构（通过相位谱测量）。众所周知，相位谱是成年人感知身份的主要决定因素。25名2个月大的婴儿观看了四种图案的六组配对：一张示意脸、一个格子、一个由格子的振幅谱和脸的相位谱组成的图案，以及一个由脸的振幅谱和格子的相位谱组成的图案。只有具有脸的相位谱的图案在成年人看来才像脸。与新生儿的偏好（克莱纳，1987年）不同，2个月大婴儿的偏好可以从相位谱而不是振幅谱中预测出来。换句话说，2个月大的婴儿更喜欢在成年人看来像脸的图案。这些结果提供了明确的证据，表明2个月大婴儿对类脸图案的偏好不受刺激能量的支配。
