Šušak Stamenko, Redžek Aleksandar, Rosić Milenko, Velicki Lazar, Okiljević Bogdan
Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2016 Nov-Dec;144(11-12):670-5.
The idea of isolated organ perfusion, a precursor of cardiopulmonary bypass, came by Legalois in 1812. First isolated organ perfusion was described by Loebell in 1849. The first closed system for oxygenation and returning the blood through arteries was created by Frey and Gruber in 1885. Gibbon Jr. is considered the father of extracorporeal circulation. In spring of 1934 he began constructing a machine for extracorporeal circulation in Boston. He published the first description of this system in 1937. Gibbon won the grant of the International Business Machines Corporation for developing the machine in 1947. Together they developed Model I in 1949 and Model II in 1951. After a few unsuccessful attempts in 1952, the first successful surgical intervention on the heart (closure of atrial septal defect) using cardiopulmonary bypass was performed on May 6, 1953. In 1945, Kirklin and his working group reported on a series of eight successfully treated patients in a row who underwent surgery with extracorporeal circulation. First successful valve surgery under the direct vision was performed by Dodrill in 1952, using his “Michigan Heart” machine as a right heart bypass. Using cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac surgeons can deal with the complex cardiac pathology and save millions of lives.
体外循环的前身——离体器官灌注的想法，由勒加洛瓦于1812年提出。1849年，勒贝尔首次描述了离体器官灌注。1885年，弗雷和格鲁伯制造了首个用于氧合并通过动脉回输血液的封闭系统。小吉本被认为是体外循环之父。1934年春，他开始在波士顿制造一台体外循环机器。1937年，他发表了对该系统的首次描述。1947年，吉本获得了国际商业机器公司的资助来研发这台机器。他们在1949年共同研发出了I型，1951年研发出了II型。在1952年经历几次失败尝试后，1953年5月6日，首次使用体外循环对心脏进行了成功的外科手术（房间隔缺损修补术）。1945年，柯克林和他的工作团队报告了一系列连续八例成功接受体外循环手术治疗的患者。1952年，多德里尔使用他的“密歇根心脏”机器作为右心旁路，首次在直视下成功进行了瓣膜手术。借助体外循环，心脏外科医生能够处理复杂的心脏疾病，挽救数百万生命。
