State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2018 Sep;60(9):805-826. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12654. Epub 2018 Jul 3.
Stomata, the pores formed by a pair of guard cells, are the main gateways for water transpiration and photosynthetic CO exchange, as well as pathogen invasion in land plants. Guard cell movement is regulated by a combination of environmental factors, including water status, light, CO levels and pathogen attack, as well as endogenous signals, such as abscisic acid and apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under abiotic and biotic stress conditions, extracellular ROS are mainly produced by plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases, whereas intracellular ROS are produced in multiple organelles. These ROS form a sophisticated cellular signaling network, with the accumulation of apoplastic ROS an early hallmark of stomatal movement. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the ROS signaling network, primarily during drought stress and pathogen attack. We summarize the roles of apoplastic ROS in regulating stomatal movement, ABA and CO signaling, and immunity responses. Finally, we discuss ROS accumulation and communication between organelles and cells. This information provides a conceptual framework for understanding how ROS signaling is integrated with various signaling pathways during plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress stimuli.
气孔是由一对保卫细胞形成的孔，是水分蒸腾和光合作用 CO 交换以及陆地植物病原体入侵的主要途径。保卫细胞的运动受环境因素的综合调节，包括水分状况、光照、CO 水平和病原体攻击，以及内源信号，如脱落酸和质外体活性氧（ROS）。在非生物和生物胁迫条件下，细胞外 ROS 主要由质膜定位的 NADPH 氧化酶产生，而细胞内 ROS 则在多个细胞器中产生。这些 ROS 形成一个复杂的细胞信号网络，质外体 ROS 的积累是气孔运动的早期标志。在这里，我们综述了近年来对 ROS 信号网络分子机制的理解进展，主要是在干旱胁迫和病原体攻击期间。我们总结了质外体 ROS 在调节气孔运动、ABA 和 CO 信号以及免疫反应中的作用。最后，我们讨论了 ROS 的积累以及细胞器和细胞之间的通讯。这些信息为理解 ROS 信号如何在植物对非生物和生物胁迫刺激的反应过程中与各种信号通路整合提供了一个概念框架。
