Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy.
Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Sep 1;635:78-91. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.071. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
Recent concerns over public health, environmental protection, and resource recovery have induced to look at domestic wastewater more as a resource than as a waste. Anaerobic treatment, owing to attractive advantages of energy saving, biogas recovery and lower sludge production, has been suggested as an alternative technology to the traditional practice of aerobic wastewater treatment, which is energy intensive, produces high excess of sludge, and fails to recover the potential resources available in wastewater. Sewage treatment by high-rate anaerobic processes has been widely reported over the last decades as an attractive method for providing a good quality effluent. Among the available high-rate anaerobic technologies, membrane bioreactors feature many advantages over aerobic treatment and conventional anaerobic systems, since high treatment efficiency, high quality effluent, pathogens retention and recycling of nutrients, were generally achieved. The objective of this paper is to review the currently available knowledge on anaerobic domestic wastewater treatment for the mostly applied high-rate systems and membrane bioreactors, presenting benefits and drawbacks, and focusing on the most promising emerging technologies, which need more investigation for their scale-up.
最近，人们对公共卫生、环境保护和资源回收的关注，使得人们更多地将生活污水视为一种资源，而不是废物。由于厌氧处理具有节能、沼气回收和减少污泥产生等优势，因此被认为是替代传统好氧污水处理的一种技术，好氧污水处理不仅能耗高，而且会产生大量剩余污泥，并且无法回收污水中的潜在资源。在过去的几十年中，通过高速厌氧工艺处理污水已被广泛报道，作为提供高质量出水的一种有吸引力的方法。在现有的高速厌氧技术中，膜生物反应器比好氧处理和传统的厌氧系统具有许多优势，因为通常可以实现高处理效率、高质量出水、病原体截留和营养物质回收。本文的目的是综述目前应用最广泛的高速系统和膜生物反应器中生活污水厌氧处理的现有知识，介绍其优缺点，并重点介绍最有前途的新兴技术，这些技术需要进一步研究以实现其规模化应用。
