Rosinger Asher Y, Young Sera L, Collins Shalean M, Haider Syeda Razia, Mishra Pallavi, Nagai Honest T, Petro Mnyeshi, Downs Jennifer A
Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2018 Aug;166(4):952-959. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23479. Epub 2018 Apr 17.
Schistosome infections can damage organs important for water homeostasis, especially the kidneys. Urogenital schistosomiasis (caused by Schistosoma haematobium) increases protein and blood in urine and intestinal schistosomiasis (caused by S. mansoni) affects total body water. However, no data exist on how different schistosome species affect urine specific gravity (USG), a hydration biomarker. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between S. haematobium- and S. mansoni-infected and uninfected women and USG in rural Tanzania.
Surveys were conducted and stool and urine samples were collected among 211 nonpregnant women aged 18-50. S. haematobium eggs were detected using the urine filtration method. S. mansoni eggs were detected using the Kato Katz method. USG was measured using a refractometer and analyzed as both a continuous and dichotomous variable. Regression (linear/logistic) models were estimated to test the relationship between infection and hydration status.
The prevalence of S. haematobium was 5.9% and S. mansoni was 5.4% with no coinfections. In regression models, S. haematobium-infected women had significantly higher USG (Beta = 0.007 g mL ; standard error = 0.002; p = 0.001) and odds (Odds ratio: 7.76, 95% CI: 1.21-49.5) of elevated USG (>1.020 g mL ) than uninfected women, whereas S. mansoni-infected women did not.
Schistosoma haematobium, but not S. mansoni, infection is associated with higher USG and risk of inadequate hydration. Future work should determine whether findings are attributable to parasite-induced debris in urine or urinary tract pathologies and signs of renal damage. Human and non-human primate studies using USG in schistosome-endemic areas should account for schistosomiasis.
血吸虫感染会损害对水稳态至关重要的器官，尤其是肾脏。泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病（由埃及血吸虫引起）会增加尿液中的蛋白质和血液，而肠道血吸虫病（由曼氏血吸虫引起）会影响全身水分。然而，关于不同血吸虫种类如何影响尿比重（USG，一种水合生物标志物）的数据尚不存在。因此，我们评估了坦桑尼亚农村地区感染和未感染埃及血吸虫及曼氏血吸虫的女性与尿比重之间的关系。
对211名年龄在18至50岁的非孕妇进行了调查，并采集了粪便和尿液样本。使用尿液过滤法检测埃及血吸虫卵。使用加藤厚涂片法检测曼氏血吸虫卵。使用折射仪测量尿比重，并将其作为连续变量和二分变量进行分析。估计回归（线性/逻辑）模型以检验感染与水合状态之间的关系。
埃及血吸虫的感染率为5.9%，曼氏血吸虫的感染率为5.4%，未发现合并感染。在回归模型中，感染埃及血吸虫的女性的尿比重显著更高（β = 0.007 g/mL；标准误 = 0.002；p = 0.001），且尿比重升高（>1.020 g/mL）的几率（优势比：7.76，95%置信区间：1.21 - 49.5）高于未感染的女性，而感染曼氏血吸虫的女性则不然。
埃及血吸虫感染而非曼氏血吸虫感染与更高的尿比重及水合不足风险相关。未来的研究应确定这些发现是否归因于尿液中寄生虫诱导的碎片、尿路病理或肾损伤迹象。在血吸虫流行地区使用尿比重的人类和非人类灵长类动物研究应考虑血吸虫病因素。
