Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Am J Hum Biol. 2021 Jan;33(1):e23447. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23447. Epub 2020 Jun 24.
This study compared the prevalence of concentrated urine (urine specific gravity ≥1.021), an indicator of hypohydration, across Tsimane' hunter-forager-horticulturalists living in hot-humid lowland Bolivia and Daasanach agropastoralists living in hot-arid Northern Kenya. It tested the hypotheses that household water and food insecurity would be associated with higher odds of hypohydration.
This study collected spot urine samples and corresponding weather data along with data on household water and food insecurity, demographics, and health characteristics among 266 Tsimane' households (N = 224 men, 235 women, 219 children) and 136 Daasanach households (N = 107 men, 120 women, 102 children).
The prevalence of hypohydration among Tsimane' men (50.0%) and women (54.0%) was substantially higher (P < .001) than for Daasanach men (15.9%) and women (17.5%); the prevalence of hypohydration among Tsimane' (37.0%) and Daasanach (31.4%) children was not significantly different (P = .33). Multiple logistic regression models suggested positive but not statistically significant trends between household water insecurity and odds of hypohydration within populations, yet some significant joint effects of water and food insecurity were observed. Heat index (2°C) was associated with a 23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.40, P = .001), 34% (95% CI: 1.18-1.53, P < .0005), and 23% (95% CI: 1.04-1.44, P = .01) higher odds of hypohydration among Tsimane' men, women, and children, respectively, and a 48% (95% CI: 1.02-2.15, P = .04) increase in the odds among Daasanach women. Lactation status was also associated with hypohydration among Tsimane' women (odds ratio = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.62-6.95, P = .001).
These results suggest that heat stress and reproductive status may have a greater impact on hydration status than water insecurity across diverse ecological contexts.
本研究比较了生活在玻利维亚湿热低地的提斯曼纳狩猎采集者和生活在肯尼亚炎热干旱北部的达萨纳赫农牧民中浓缩尿液（尿比重≥1.021）的流行情况，浓缩尿液是一种脱水的指标。本研究检验了以下假设：家庭水和粮食不安全与更高的脱水风险相关。
本研究在 266 户提斯曼纳家庭（224 名男性，235 名女性，219 名儿童）和 136 户达萨纳赫家庭（107 名男性，120 名女性，102 名儿童）中收集了点尿样和相应的天气数据，以及家庭水和粮食不安全、人口统计学和健康特征的数据。
提斯曼纳男性（50.0%）和女性（54.0%）的脱水患病率明显高于达萨纳赫男性（15.9%）和女性（17.5%）（P<.001）；提斯曼纳（37.0%）和达萨纳赫（31.4%）儿童的脱水患病率无显著差异（P=.33）。多因素逻辑回归模型表明，在人群中，家庭水不安全与脱水风险之间存在正相关趋势，但也观察到一些水和粮食不安全的联合效应。热指数（2°C）与提斯曼纳男性（95%置信区间[CI]：1.09-1.40，P=.001）、女性（95% CI：1.18-1.53，P<.0005）和儿童（95% CI：1.04-1.44，P=.01）的脱水风险分别增加 23%、34%和 23%相关，达萨纳赫女性的脱水风险增加 48%（95% CI：1.02-2.15，P=.04）。哺乳期状态也与提斯曼纳女性的脱水有关（优势比=3.35，95% CI：1.62-6.95，P=.001）。
这些结果表明，在不同的生态环境中，热应激和生殖状态对水合状态的影响可能大于水不安全。
