Miller Margaret A, Bruyette David S, Scott-Moncrieff J Catharine, Owen Tina Jo, Ramos-Vara José A, Weng Hsin-Yi, Vanderpool Andrea L, Chen Annie V, Martin Linda G, DuSold Deidre M, Jahan Sina
1 Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
2 Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Vet Pathol. 2018 Nov;55(6):871-879. doi: 10.1177/0300985818766211. Epub 2018 Apr 17.
To optimize the histologic evaluation of hypophysectomy specimens, sections of 207 canine pituitary glands (196 postmortem, 11 hypophysectomy specimens) were reviewed. Adenohypophyseal proliferation was the most common (n = 79) lesion. Proliferative lesions were sparsely to densely granulated; the granules were usually basophilic to chromophobic and periodic acid-Schiff-positive. Adenohypophyseal proliferation was classified as hyperplasia (n = 40) if ≤2 mm diameter with intact reticulin network, as microadenoma (n = 22) for 1-5 mm homogeneous nodules with lost reticulin network, or as macroadenoma (n = 17) for larger tumors. Craniopharyngeal duct cysts were common incidental lesions and the only lesion in 15 dogs. Uncommon diagnoses included lymphoma (n = 4), hemorrhagic necrosis (n = 4), metastatic carcinoma (n = 3), hypophysitis (n = 3), ependymoma (n = 2), craniopharyngioma (n = 2), and 1 case each of metastatic melanoma, pituicytoma, gliomatosis, germ cell tumor, meningioma, and atrophy. The pituitary histologic diagnosis was associated with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC; P < .001) and adrenocortical histologic diagnosis ( P = .025). Both HAC and adrenocortical hyperplasia showed a positive trend with the degree of adenohypophyseal proliferation. The association of adrenocortical hyperplasia with HAC was not significant ( P = .077). Dogs with adenohypophyseal proliferations were older than dogs with normal pituitary glands ( P < .05). Brachycephalic breeds were overrepresented among dogs with pituitary macroadenoma or craniopharyngeal duct cysts, but the association was not statistically significant ( P = .076). Adenohypophyseal hyperplasia was more common than adenoma among postmortem specimens, but was unexpected in >80% of cases. Pituitary macroadenoma was the most common diagnosis in hypophysectomy specimens.
为优化垂体切除标本的组织学评估，我们回顾了207个犬垂体的切片（196个死后标本，11个垂体切除标本）。腺垂体增生是最常见的（n = 79）病变。增生性病变的颗粒稀疏至密集；颗粒通常为嗜碱性至嫌色性且过碘酸-希夫染色阳性。如果直径≤2 mm且网状纤维网络完整，腺垂体增生被分类为增生（n = 40）；对于直径1 - 5 mm且网状纤维网络消失的均匀结节，分类为微腺瘤（n = 22）；对于更大的肿瘤，则分类为大腺瘤（n = 17）。颅咽管囊肿是常见的偶然病变，也是15只犬的唯一病变。不常见的诊断包括淋巴瘤（n = 4）、出血性坏死（n = 4）、转移性癌（n = 3）、垂体炎（n = 3）、室管膜瘤（n = 2）、颅咽管瘤（n = 2），以及各1例转移性黑色素瘤、垂体细胞瘤、胶质瘤病、生殖细胞瘤、脑膜瘤和萎缩。垂体组织学诊断与肾上腺皮质功能亢进（HAC；P <.001）和肾上腺皮质组织学诊断（P =.025）相关。HAC和肾上腺皮质增生均与腺垂体增生程度呈正相关趋势。肾上腺皮质增生与HAC的关联不显著（P =.077）。有腺垂体增生的犬比垂体正常的犬年龄大（P <.05）。在患有垂体大腺瘤或颅咽管囊肿的犬中，短头品种的比例过高，但这种关联无统计学意义（P =.076）。在死后标本中，腺垂体增生比腺瘤更常见，但在超过80%的病例中是意外发现。垂体大腺瘤是垂体切除标本中最常见的诊断。
