Department of Sociology and Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta.
Department of Sociology and Pepper Center for Aging and Public Policy, Florida State University, Tallahassee.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2020 Jan 14;75(2):448-458. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gby027.
This study evaluated (a) whether the association between chronic conditions and functional limitations vary by race/ethnicity, and (b) whether socioeconomic status accounted for any observed racial variation in the association between chronic conditions and functional limitations.
The Health and Retirement Study data were used to assess whether race/ethnicity moderated the association between chronic conditions and functional limitations, and whether education, income, and/or wealth mediated any of the observed moderation by race/ethnicity.
Results from structural equation models of latent growth curves with random onset indicated that (a) the positive association between chronic conditions and functional limitations onset was larger for African Americans and Hispanics than it was for Whites, but (b) this difference largely persisted net of socioeconomic status.
African Americans and Hispanics endure a multiplicative double disadvantage in the early stages of the disablement process where they experience (a) a more rapid onset and higher levels of functional limitations, and (b) greater risk of functional limitation onset associated with chronic conditions compared to their White counterparts. Moreover, basic economic policies are unlikely to curtail the greater risk of functional limitations onset associated with chronic conditions encountered by African Americans and Hispanics.
本研究评估了（a）慢性疾病与功能限制之间的关联是否因种族/民族而异，以及（b）社会经济地位是否解释了在慢性疾病与功能限制之间的关联中观察到的任何种族差异。
使用健康与退休研究数据来评估种族/民族是否调节了慢性疾病与功能限制之间的关联，以及教育、收入和/或财富是否调解了种族/民族观察到的任何调节作用。
具有随机起始的潜在增长曲线结构方程模型的结果表明，（a）慢性疾病与功能限制起始之间的正相关关系在非裔美国人和西班牙裔中比在白人中更大，但（b）在考虑社会经济地位后，这种差异仍然很大。
非裔美国人和西班牙裔在残疾过程的早期阶段承受着一种双重的不利处境，他们（a）经历了功能限制的更快起始和更高水平，以及（b）与白人相比，慢性疾病相关的功能限制起始风险更高。此外，基本经济政策不太可能减少非裔美国人和西班牙裔所面临的与慢性疾病相关的功能限制起始的更高风险。
