Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Sociology of Health and Physical Activity, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 18;18(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1649-3.
Life events (LEs) are associated with future physical and mental health. They are crucial for understanding the pathways to mental disorders as well as the interactions with biological parameters. However, deeper insight is needed into the complex interplay between the type of LE, its subjective evaluation and accompanying factors such as social support. The "Stralsund Life Event List" (SEL) was developed to facilitate this research.
The SEL is a standardized interview that assesses the time of occurrence and frequency of 81 LEs, their subjective emotional valence, the perceived social support during the LE experience and the impact of past LEs on present life. Data from 2265 subjects from the general population-based cohort study "Study of Health in Pomerania" (SHIP) were analysed. Based on the mean emotional valence ratings of the whole sample, LEs were categorized as "positive" or "negative". For verification, the SEL was related to lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD; Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), resilience (Resilience Scale) and subjective health (SF-12 Health Survey).
The report of lifetime MDD was associated with more negative emotional valence ratings of negative LEs (OR = 2.96, p < 0.0001). Negative LEs (b = 0.071, p < 0.0001, β = 0.25) and more negative emotional valence ratings of positive LEs (b = 3.74, p < 0.0001, β = 0.11) were positively associated with childhood trauma. In contrast, more positive emotional valence ratings of positive LEs were associated with higher resilience (b = - 7.05, p < 0.0001, β = 0.13), and a lower present impact of past negative LEs was associated with better subjective health (b = 2.79, p = 0.001, β = 0.05). The internal consistency of the generated scores varied considerably, but the mean value was acceptable (averaged Cronbach's alpha > 0.75).
The SEL is a valid instrument that enables the analysis of the number and frequency of LEs, their emotional valence, perceived social support and current impact on life on a global score and on an individual item level. Thus, we can recommend its use in research settings that require the assessment and analysis of the relationship between the occurrence and subjective evaluation of LEs as well as the complex balance between distressing and stabilizing life experiences.
生活事件（LEs）与未来的身心健康有关。它们对于理解精神障碍的途径以及与生物参数的相互作用至关重要。然而，我们需要更深入地了解 LE 的类型、其主观评估以及社会支持等伴随因素之间的复杂相互作用。“斯特拉尔松生活事件清单”（SEL）就是为了促进这方面的研究而开发的。
SEL 是一种标准化访谈，评估 81 种生活事件的发生时间和频率、其主观情绪效价、经历生活事件时感知到的社会支持以及过去生活事件对现在生活的影响。对基于一般人群的“波美拉尼亚健康研究”（SHIP）队列研究中的 2265 名受试者的数据进行了分析。基于整个样本的平均情绪效价评分，将生活事件分为“积极”或“消极”。为了验证，SEL 与终生重度抑郁症（MDD；慕尼黑综合国际诊断访谈）、儿童期创伤（儿童期创伤问卷）、适应力（适应力量表）和主观健康（SF-12 健康调查）有关。
报告终生 MDD 与更多的消极生活事件的负性情绪效价评分有关（OR=2.96，p<0.0001）。消极的生活事件（b=0.071，p<0.0001，β=0.25）和更多的积极生活事件的负性情绪效价评分（b=3.74，p<0.0001，β=0.11）与儿童期创伤呈正相关。相比之下，更多的积极生活事件的正性情绪效价评分与更高的适应力有关（b=-7.05，p<0.0001，β=-0.13），过去消极生活事件对现在生活的影响较低与更好的主观健康有关（b=2.79，p=0.001，β=0.05）。生成分数的内部一致性差异很大，但平均值可以接受（平均 Cronbach's alpha>0.75）。
SEL 是一种有效的工具，它可以分析生活事件的数量和频率、它们的情绪效价、感知到的社会支持以及它们对生活的当前影响，无论是在整体评分还是在个别项目水平上。因此，我们可以推荐在需要评估和分析生活事件的发生和主观评估以及痛苦和稳定生活经历之间的复杂平衡的研究环境中使用它。
