Hodzic Enisa, Perla Semir, Iglica Amer, Vucijak Marina
Clinic for Heart Disease, Blood Vessels and Rheumatism, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo.
Mater Sociomed. 2018 Mar;30(1):10-14. doi: 10.5455/msm.2018.30.10-14.
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common health problems in the world and the leading cause of death.
The goals of this study are to determine: ACS type, risk factors, incidence and the seasonal distribution of occurrence Spring/Summer, Autumn/Winter, ACS incidence by age and gender, and complications (post-infarction angina and heart failure) and fatal outcomes of ACS per season.
This study is designed as retrospective-prospective and analytical, which included 250 patients hospitalized in the Intensive Cardiac care unit of the Clinic for heart disease, blood vessels and rheumatism in the period from June 2013 to July 2014. It was assumed that there is the influence of the seasons on the incidence and characteristics of ACS. Material used were the medical records and data from the history of illness.
The most common type of ACS was ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), without statistical significant difference between seasons. Presence of risk factors is not significantly different between seasons, with the hypertension as the most common risk factor for ACS during both seasons. The highest incidence of ACS was recorded in December during the winter season, while the lowest incidence was recorded in March. The occurrence of ACS during the Spring/Summer, Autumn/Winter was different according to age, with more frequent occurrence of ACS in older patients during the winter months. ACS complications (postinfaction angina and cardiac insufficiency) were also statistically different between seasons (p=0.048). Fatal ACS is more often recorded during the season Autumn/Winter compared to Spring/Summer season (p=0.001).
The results suggest seasonal meteorological impact on the incidence, complications and outcomes of ACS, so there is a necessity that patients adapt their lifestyle and health professionals to improve the ACS treatment.
急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）是世界上最常见的健康问题之一，也是主要死因。
本研究的目的是确定：ACS类型、危险因素、发病率以及春季/夏季、秋季/冬季发病的季节分布、不同年龄和性别的ACS发病率、并发症（梗死后心绞痛和心力衰竭）以及每个季节ACS的致命结局。
本研究设计为回顾性-前瞻性分析研究，纳入了2013年6月至2014年7月期间在心脏病、血管病和风湿病诊所的心脏重症监护病房住院的250例患者。假定季节对ACS的发病率和特征有影响。使用的材料为病历和病史数据。
最常见的ACS类型是ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI），各季节之间无统计学显著差异。危险因素的存在在各季节之间无显著差异，高血压是两个季节中ACS最常见的危险因素。ACS发病率最高记录在冬季的12月，而最低发病率记录在3月。春季/夏季、秋季/冬季ACS的发病情况因年龄而异，老年患者在冬季ACS发病更频繁。ACS并发症（梗死后心绞痛和心功能不全）在各季节之间也有统计学差异（p=0.048）。与春季/夏季相比，秋季/冬季记录到的致命性ACS更多（p=0.001）。
结果表明季节气象因素对ACS的发病率、并发症和结局有影响，因此患者有必要调整生活方式，医疗专业人员也有必要改善ACS治疗。
