Grossard Charline, Chaby Laurence, Hun Stéphanie, Pellerin Hugues, Bourgeois Jérémy, Dapogny Arnaud, Ding Huaxiong, Serret Sylvie, Foulon Pierre, Chetouani Mohamed, Chen Liming, Bailly Kevin, Grynszpan Ouriel, Cohen David
Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, GHU Pitie-Salpetriere Charles Foix, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), CNRS UMR 7222, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
Front Psychol. 2018 Apr 4;9:446. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00446. eCollection 2018.
The production of facial expressions (FEs) is an important skill that allows children to share and adapt emotions with their relatives and peers during social interactions. These skills are impaired in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. However, the way in which typical children develop and master their production of FEs has still not been clearly assessed. This study aimed to explore factors that could influence the production of FEs in childhood such as age, gender, emotion subtype (sadness, anger, joy, and neutral), elicitation task (on request, imitation), area of recruitment (French Riviera and Parisian) and emotion multimodality. A total of one hundred fifty-seven children aged 6-11 years were enrolled in Nice and Paris, France. We asked them to produce FEs in two different tasks: imitation with an avatar model and production on request without a model. Results from a multivariate analysis revealed that: (1) children performed better with age. (2) Positive emotions were easier to produce than negative emotions. (3) Children produced better FE on request (as opposed to imitation); and (4) Riviera children performed better than Parisian children suggesting regional influences on emotion production. We conclude that facial emotion production is a complex developmental process influenced by several factors that needs to be acknowledged in future research.
面部表情的产生是一项重要技能，它使儿童在社交互动中能够与亲属和同龄人分享情感并做出情感适应。自闭症谱系障碍儿童的这些技能存在缺陷。然而，正常儿童发展和掌握面部表情产生的方式仍未得到明确评估。本研究旨在探讨可能影响儿童期面部表情产生的因素，如年龄、性别、情绪亚型（悲伤、愤怒、喜悦和中性）、诱发任务（应要求、模仿）、招募地区（法国里维埃拉和巴黎）以及情绪多模态。法国尼斯和巴黎共招募了157名6至11岁的儿童。我们要求他们在两项不同任务中做出面部表情：使用虚拟化身模型进行模仿以及在无模型的情况下应要求做出表情。多变量分析结果显示：（1）儿童的表现随年龄增长而更好。（2）产生积极情绪比产生消极情绪更容易。（3）儿童应要求做出面部表情的表现更好（与模仿相反）；（4）里维埃拉地区的儿童比巴黎地区的儿童表现更好，表明地区对情绪产生有影响。我们得出结论，面部情绪产生是一个受多种因素影响的复杂发展过程，未来研究需要对此加以认识。
