Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Oral Health Research Group (ORHE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2018 Aug;20(4):522-530. doi: 10.1111/cid.12613. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
Although many studies have been published on single implants, long-term data remain scarce.
To evaluate immediately restored single implants after at least 8 years of follow-up in terms of buccal bone, soft tissue alterations, aesthetic ratings, and patient-reported outcomes.
This prospective cohort study included patients who were consecutively treated with an immediately restored single implant installed in an extraction socket (IIT) or a healed ridge (CIT) in the anterior maxilla. Biomaterials were never used. CBCTs were taken at study termination, soft tissue alterations, and Pink Esthetic Score were evaluated between 1 year and study termination using standardized clinical images. Patient satisfaction was also registered.
About 11/16 initially treated patients in the IIT cohort (10 men, 6 women; mean age 45) and 18/23 initially treated patients in the CIT cohort (12 men, 11 women; mean age 40) could be evaluated after more than 8 years. A buccal bone wall less than 2 mm was found at all implant sites. A thin buccal bone wall less than 1 mm was found at 42% of the implant sites. In the CIT cohort, 8 patients had a missing buccal bone in the crestal area, although bone was present at the time of surgery. Alveolar process deficiency significantly deteriorated (P ≤ .046), whereas vertical soft tissue levels and PES remained stable over time in both cohorts. Patients expressed high overall satisfaction.
Substantial dimensional changes may be expected at the buccal aspect of single implants inserted in the premaxilla. As a result, contour augmentation procedures at the time of implant placement should be considered to counteract these bone alterations, even when implants are fully embedded in bone upon insertion.
虽然已有许多关于单颗种植体的研究发表，但长期数据仍较为缺乏。
评估至少 8 年随访期内即刻修复的单颗种植体在颊侧骨、软组织改变、美学评分和患者报告结果方面的情况。
本前瞻性队列研究纳入了连续接受在前上颌即刻植入（IIT）或愈合牙槽嵴（CIT）的单颗种植体修复的患者。从未使用生物材料。在研究结束时拍摄 CBCT，在 1 年和研究结束时使用标准化临床图像评估软组织改变和 Pink 美学评分。还记录了患者满意度。
在 IIT 队列中，16 名最初接受治疗的患者中有 11 名（10 名男性，6 名女性；平均年龄 45 岁），23 名最初接受治疗的患者中有 18 名（12 名男性，11 名女性；平均年龄 40 岁）在 8 年以上的时间后可进行评估。所有种植体部位均发现颊侧骨壁小于 2mm。42%的种植体部位发现颊侧骨壁较薄，小于 1mm。在 CIT 队列中，尽管手术时存在牙槽骨，但 8 名患者在牙槽嵴区域存在颊侧骨缺失。牙槽骨缺损显著恶化（P ≤.046），而在两个队列中，垂直软组织水平和 PES 随时间保持稳定。患者总体满意度较高。
在前上颌植入的单颗种植体颊侧可能会出现较大的尺寸变化。因此，即使种植体插入时完全嵌入骨内，在植入时也应考虑进行轮廓增强手术，以对抗这些骨改变。
