Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13,20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UTP University of Sciences and Technology, Bydgoszcz 85-064, Poland.
Poult Sci. 2018 Jul 1;97(7):2267-2277. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey110.
The objective of the current study was to identify QTL associated with body weight, growth rate, egg quality traits, concentration of selected blood plasma, and yolk lipids as well as concentration of selected macro- and microelements, color, pH, basic chemical composition, and drip loss of breast muscle of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Twenty-two meat-type males (line F33) were crossed with twenty-two laying-type females (line S22) to produce a generation of F1 hybrids. The F2 generation was created by mating 44 randomly chosen F1 hybrids, which were full siblings. The birds were individually weighed from the first to eighth week of age. At the age of 19 wk, 2 to 4 eggs were individually collected from each female and an analysis of the egg quality traits was performed. At slaughter, blood and breast muscles were collected from 324 individuals of the resource population. The basic chemical composition, concentration of chosen macro- and microelements, color, pH, and drip loss were determined in the muscle samples. The concentration of chosen lipids was determined in egg yolk and blood plasma. In total, 30 microsatellite markers located on chromosome 1 and 2 were genotyped. QTL mapping including additive and dominance genetic effects revealed 6 loci on chromosome 1 of the Japanese quail affecting the egg number, egg production rate, egg weight, specific gravity, egg shell weight, concentration of Na in breast muscle. In turn, there were 9 loci on chromosome 2 affecting the body weight in the first, fourth, and sixth week of age, growth rate in the second and seventh week of age, specific gravity, concentration of K and Cu in breast muscle, and the levels of triacylglycerols in blood plasma. In this study, QTL with a potential effect on the Na, K, and Cu content in breast muscles in poultry and on specific gravity in the Japanese quail were mapped for the first time.
本研究的目的是鉴定与体重、生长速度、蛋品质性状、选择的血浆浓度、蛋黄脂质以及选择的宏量和微量元素浓度、颜色、pH 值、基本化学组成和胸肌滴水损失相关的 QTL。22 只肉用型雄性（F33 品系）与 22 只产蛋型雌性（S22 品系）杂交产生 F1 杂种一代。通过交配 44 只随机选择的 F1 杂种，产生了 F2 代。这些杂种是全同胞。从第一周到第八周，对每只鸟进行单独称重。在 19 周龄时，从每只雌性收集 2 到 4 个鸡蛋，并进行蛋品质性状分析。在屠宰时，从资源群体的 324 只个体中采集血液和胸肌。在肌肉样本中测定基本化学组成、选择的宏量和微量元素浓度、颜色、pH 值和滴水损失。选择的脂质浓度在蛋黄和血浆中测定。总共对位于第 1 和第 2 条染色体上的 30 个微卫星标记进行了基因分型。包括加性和显性遗传效应的 QTL 作图揭示了 6 个位于日本鹌鹑 1 号染色体上的基因座，影响了蛋数、产蛋率、蛋重、比重、蛋壳重、胸肌中 Na 浓度。反过来，在第 2 条染色体上有 9 个基因座影响第 1、4 和第 6 周的体重、第 2 和第 7 周的生长速度、比重、胸肌中 K 和 Cu 浓度以及血浆中三酰甘油水平。在这项研究中，首次对家禽胸肌中 Na、K 和 Cu 含量以及日本鹌鹑比重的潜在效应的 QTL 进行了定位。
