Wu Jonathan, Goyal Lipika, Nipp Ryan, Wo Jennifer, Qadan Motaz, Uppot Raul N
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA.
Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2019 Jan;48(1):61-74. doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2017.12.005. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
The purpose of this article is to review tumor staging systems for gastrointestinal tumors including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, small bowel adenocarcinoma, rectal carcinoma, and anal carcinoma and identify the key imaging findings ("tipping points"), which change patient management based on changes in tumor staging.
For all malignant gastrointestinal tumors, there are key imaging findings ("tipping points") including tumor size, tumor extension, lymphadenopathy, vascular invasion, and distant metastasis that dictate patient management and prognosis, based on changes in tumor stage. In interpreting these imaging studies, radiologists should be cognizant of these "tipping points" to guide patient management.
本文旨在综述胃肠道肿瘤的肿瘤分期系统，包括胰腺腺癌、肝细胞癌、胆管癌、胃腺癌、小肠腺癌、直肠癌和肛管癌，并确定关键的影像学表现（“转折点”），这些表现会根据肿瘤分期的变化改变患者的治疗方案。
对于所有胃肠道恶性肿瘤，关键的影像学表现（“转折点”）包括肿瘤大小、肿瘤侵犯范围、淋巴结病变、血管侵犯和远处转移，这些会根据肿瘤分期的变化决定患者的治疗方案和预后。在解读这些影像学检查时，放射科医生应认识到这些“转折点”，以指导患者的治疗。
