Manna Vincenzo, Dicuonzo Francesca
Servizio Psichiatrico di Diagnosi e Cura, Ospedale San Sebastiano Martire, DSM, ASL Roma 6, Frascati (Roma).
Riv Psichiatr. 2018 Mar-Apr;53(2):65-79. doi: 10.1708/2891.29155.
In recent years, mature industrial countries are rapidly changing from production economies to service economies. In this new socio-economic context, particular attention has been paid to mental health problems in the workplace. The risk of burnout is significantly higher for certain occupations, in particular for health workers. Doctors and psychiatrists, in particular, quite frequently have to make quick decisions by dealing with a huge amount of requests, which often require considerable assumptions of responsibility. In Italy, the process of corporateization and regionalization of the National Health Service has oriented clinical practice, in psychiatry, towards the rationalization and optimization of available resources, to ensure appropriateness and fairness of performances. The challenge that will soon be faced in health policy, with the progressive aging of the population, will be the growing burden of chronicity, in a context of limited resources, which will necessarily require a managerial approach in structuring and delivering services. The management of change in psychiatric assistance, today in Italy, can not be separated from a deep motivating involvement ( engagement) of professionals. In other words, it is desirable, in the effort to contain expenditure and rationalize welfare processes, to shift from burnout to the engagement of psychiatrists, investing economic and human resources in mental health services. In this review, through a selective search of the relevant literature 2010-2017 conducted on PubMed (key words: stress, burnout, psychiatry, mental health), the information from original articles, reviews and book chapters was analyzed and summarized. about the presence of burnout syndrome among psychiatrists. This article examines the concept of burnout, its causes and the most appropriate preventive and therapeutic interventions applicable to psychiatrists.
近年来，成熟的工业化国家正在迅速从生产型经济转变为服务型经济。在这种新的社会经济背景下，职场中的心理健康问题受到了特别关注。某些职业出现职业倦怠的风险明显更高，尤其是卫生工作者。特别是医生和精神科医生，经常需要处理大量请求并迅速做出决策，这往往需要承担相当大的责任。在意大利，国家卫生服务的公司化和区域化进程使精神病学的临床实践朝着可用资源的合理化和优化方向发展，以确保服务的适当性和公平性。随着人口的逐渐老龄化，卫生政策很快将面临的挑战是，在资源有限的情况下，慢性病负担日益加重，这必然需要一种管理方法来构建和提供服务。如今在意大利，精神科援助的变革管理离不开专业人员深入的激励参与。换句话说，在努力控制支出和使福利流程合理化的过程中，希望从职业倦怠转向精神科医生的参与，在精神卫生服务中投入经济和人力资源。在本综述中，通过对2010 - 2017年在PubMed上进行的相关文献（关键词：压力、职业倦怠、精神病学、心理健康）的选择性检索，对原创文章、综述和书籍章节中有关精神科医生职业倦怠综合征存在情况的信息进行了分析和总结。本文探讨了职业倦怠的概念、其成因以及适用于精神科医生的最适当的预防和治疗干预措施。
