Thiem Dominika, Piernik Agnieszka, Hrynkiewicz Katarzyna
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland.
2Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland.
Symbiosis. 2018;75(1):17-28. doi: 10.1007/s13199-017-0512-5. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
(black alder) is a mycorrhizal pioneer tree species with tolerance to high concentrations of salt in the soil and can therefore be considered to be an important tree for the regeneration of forests areas devastated by excessive salt. However, there is still a lack of information about the ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) associated with mature individuals of growing in natural saline conditions. The main objective of this study was to test the effect of soil salinity and other physicochemical parameters on root tips colonized by EMF, as well as on the species richness and diversity of an EMF community associated with growing in natural conditions. We identified a significant effect of soil salinity (expressed as electrical conductivity: EC and EC) on fungal taxa but not on the total level of EM fungal colonization on roots. Increasing soil salinity promoted dark-coloured EMF belonging to the order Thelephorales ( sp. and sp.). These fungi are also commonly found in soils polluted with heavy-metal. The ability of these fungi to grow in contaminated soil may be due to the presence of melanine, a natural dark pigment and common wall component of the Thelephoraceae that is known to act as a protective interface between fungal metabolism and biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. Moreover, increased colonization of fungi belonging to the class of Leotiomycetes and Sordiomycetes, known as endophytic fungal species, was observed at the test sites, that contained a larger content of total phosphorus. This observation confirms the ability of commonly known endophytic fungi to form ectomycorrhizal structures on the roots of under saline stress conditions.
（黑桤木）是一种菌根先锋树种，能耐受土壤中的高浓度盐分，因此可被视为在因盐分过高而遭到破坏的林区进行森林更新的重要树种。然而，对于在自然盐碱条件下生长的成熟个体所关联的外生菌根真菌（EMF），目前仍缺乏相关信息。本研究的主要目的是测试土壤盐分及其他理化参数对被EMF侵染的根尖的影响，以及对在自然条件下生长的所关联的EMF群落的物种丰富度和多样性的影响。我们发现土壤盐分（以电导率表示：EC和EC）对真菌类群有显著影响，但对根部EM真菌的总侵染水平没有影响。土壤盐分增加促使属于革菌目（种和种）的深色EMF增多。这些真菌在受重金属污染的土壤中也很常见。这些真菌在受污染土壤中生长的能力可能归因于黑色素的存在，黑色素是一种天然的深色色素，也是革菌科常见的细胞壁成分，已知其在真菌代谢与生物和非生物环境应激源之间起保护界面的作用。此外，在总磷含量较高的测试地点，观察到属于柔膜菌纲和粪壳菌纲的真菌（即内生真菌物种）的侵染增加。这一观察结果证实了常见的内生真菌在盐分胁迫条件下能够在的根部形成外生菌根结构。
