噻嗪类及噻嗪样利尿剂在2型糖尿病患者中应用于何处?
[Which place for thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in patients with type 2 diabetes ?].
作者信息
Scheen A J, Krzesinski J M
机构信息
Service de Diabétologie, Nutrition et Maladies métaboliques et Unité de Pharmacologie clinique, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique.
Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Hypertension, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique.
出版信息
Rev Med Liege. 2018 Apr;73(4):176-182.
The use of thiazides as antihypertensive agents has been challenged because associated metabolic adverse events, including new-onset diabetes. However, these metabolic disturbances are less marked with low-dose of hydrochlorothiazide and with thiazide-like diuretics such as chlorthalidone and indapamide. In post hoc analyses of subgroups of patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes, thiazide(-like) diuretics resulted in a significant reduction in cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure compared to placebo. Furthermore, they were shown to be non-inferior to other antihypertensive agents, including blockers of the renin-angiotensin system in diabetic patients without albuminuria. Benefits attributed to thiazide(-like) diuretics (especially at low dose) in terms of cardiovascular protection outweigh the risk of worsening glucose control and inducing other metabolic disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes. Thus low dose thiazide(-like) drugs still play a major role in the treatment of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes.
噻嗪类药物作为抗高血压药物的使用受到了质疑,因为其会引发包括新发糖尿病在内的相关代谢不良事件。然而,低剂量的氢氯噻嗪以及氯噻酮和吲达帕胺等噻嗪类利尿剂引发的这些代谢紊乱不太明显。在对高血压合并2型糖尿病患者亚组的事后分析中,与安慰剂相比,噻嗪类(类噻嗪)利尿剂可显著降低心血管事件、全因死亡率以及心力衰竭住院率。此外,在无蛋白尿的糖尿病患者中,它们被证明不劣于其他抗高血压药物,包括肾素-血管紧张素系统阻滞剂。噻嗪类(类噻嗪)利尿剂(尤其是低剂量时)在心血管保护方面的益处超过了2型糖尿病患者血糖控制恶化和引发其他代谢紊乱的风险。因此,低剂量的噻嗪类(类噻嗪)药物在2型糖尿病患者的高血压治疗中仍发挥着重要作用。