Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; email:
Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; email:
Annu Rev Immunol. 2018 Apr 26;36:309-338. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053245.
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lytic killing of dangerous microbes and the initiation of the general inflammatory reaction. More recently, complement has also emerged as a critical player in adaptive immunity via its ability to instruct both B and T cell responses. In particular, work on the impact of complement on T cell responses led to the surprising discoveries that the complement system also functions within cells and is involved in regulating basic cellular processes, predominantly those of metabolic nature. Here, we review current knowledge about complement's role in T cell biology, with a focus on the novel intracellular and noncanonical activities of this ancient system.
补体系统是先天免疫中一种古老的关键成分，对于检测和清除入侵的病原体至关重要。它是在 100 多年前被发现的，最初被定义为一种肝脏衍生的、血液循环中的哨兵系统，经典地介导了对危险微生物的调理作用和溶细胞杀伤作用，以及引发一般性炎症反应。最近，补体也通过其能够指导 B 细胞和 T 细胞反应的能力，成为适应性免疫的关键参与者。特别是，关于补体对 T 细胞反应影响的研究工作，导致了令人惊讶的发现，即补体系统也在细胞内发挥作用，并参与调节基本的细胞过程，主要是代谢性质的过程。在这里，我们综述了补体在 T 细胞生物学中的作用的最新知识，重点介绍了这个古老系统的新的细胞内和非经典活性。
