Sharma Anushree, O'Connor Richard, Celestino Paula, Killion Samantha, Griswold-Krupski Laurie, Bansal-Travers Maansi
U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1330, P.O. Box 301439, Houston, TX, 77230-1439, USA.
Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
J Cancer Educ. 2019 Aug;34(4):712-718. doi: 10.1007/s13187-018-1362-4.
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers in the USA. In 2013, new guidelines issued by the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommended lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography among a selected group of high-risk individuals. Specifically, lung cancer screening is recommended for heavy smokers between the ages of 55 to 79, with at least 30 pack-year smoking exposure. Former smokers who meet these guidelines and stopped smoking ≤ 15 years ago are also eligible. There is a need to promote lung cancer screening to increase early diagnosis rates and treatment options, thereby decreasing disease-specific mortality. This study was conducted to refine educational materials used to inform eligible high-risk individuals about the risks and benefits of lung cancer screening. Focus groups (n = 16) and in-depth telephone interviews (n = 5) were conducted among screening-eligible participants recruited from western New York. Main themes that emerged from the discussions included cost of obtaining the exam, eligibility criteria/information about the exam, apprehension regarding results, and an increased desire for discussions with their physician to learn more about the screening. The information gained from this study is vital to understanding concerns held by current and former smokers regarding lung cancer screening, as well as critical to determining which information is most valuable for decreasing barriers and correcting misperceptions about the lung cancer screening exam.
肺癌是美国致死率最高的癌症之一。2013年，美国预防服务工作组发布的新指南建议，在特定高危人群中使用低剂量计算机断层扫描进行肺癌筛查。具体而言，建议对年龄在55至79岁之间、吸烟史至少达30包年的重度吸烟者进行肺癌筛查。符合这些标准且在≤15年前戒烟的既往吸烟者也符合条件。有必要推广肺癌筛查，以提高早期诊断率和增加治疗选择，从而降低疾病特异性死亡率。本研究旨在完善用于告知符合条件的高危个体肺癌筛查风险和益处的教育材料。在从纽约西部招募的符合筛查条件的参与者中开展了焦点小组访谈（n = 16）和深度电话访谈（n = 5）。讨论中出现的主要主题包括检查费用、检查的资格标准/信息、对结果的担忧，以及更希望与医生讨论以了解更多关于筛查的信息。从这项研究中获得的信息对于理解当前吸烟者和既往吸烟者对肺癌筛查的担忧至关重要，对于确定哪些信息对于减少障碍和纠正对肺癌筛查检查的误解最有价值也至关重要。
