Reich M R, Frumkin H
Harvard University, School of Public Health, Takemi Program in International Health, Boston, MA 02115.
Am J Public Health. 1988 Jul;78(7):809-16. doi: 10.2105/ajph.78.7.809.
This paper provides an overview of Japanese occupational health and evaluates the current situation from three perspectives. Major occupational health hazards are assessed using four sources of data, showing patterns similar to those found in other advanced industrial societies. Institutional structures for occupational health policy are then examined, illustrating strengths and weaknesses of the Japanese legal and administrative systems. Trade union activities are presented, indicating the constraints of enterprise unions, and the tendency for a greater orientation toward compensation than prevention. Significant occupational health problems persist among marginal workers in Japan, including women and various minority groups. The analysis demonstrates a record for occupational health in Japan considerably more mixed than the conventional view.
本文概述了日本的职业健康状况，并从三个角度评估了当前形势。利用四个数据来源评估了主要职业健康危害，结果显示出与其他发达工业社会相似的模式。接着考察了职业健康政策的制度结构，阐述了日本法律和行政体系的优势与不足。介绍了工会活动，指出企业工会的局限性，以及更倾向于赔偿而非预防的趋势。日本的边缘劳动者，包括女性和各类少数群体，仍然存在重大职业健康问题。分析表明，日本职业健康的实际情况比传统观点复杂得多。
