Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Trends Genet. 2018 Jul;34(7):532-544. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.03.007. Epub 2018 Apr 18.
There is abundant variation in gene expression between individuals, populations, and species. The evolution of gene regulation and expression within and between species is thought to frequently contribute to adaptation. Yet considerable evidence suggests that the primary evolutionary force acting on variation in gene expression is stabilizing selection. We review here the results of recent studies characterizing the evolution of gene expression occurring in cis (via linked polymorphisms) or in trans (through diffusible products of other genes) and their contribution to adaptation and response to the environment. We review the evidence for buffering of variation in gene expression at the level of both transcription and translation, and the possible mechanisms for this buffering. Lastly, we summarize unresolved questions about the evolution of gene regulation.
个体、种群和物种之间的基因表达存在丰富的变异性。基因调控和表达在物种内部和物种之间的进化被认为经常有助于适应。然而，大量证据表明，作用于基因表达变异性的主要进化力量是稳定选择。我们在这里回顾了最近的研究结果，这些研究描述了顺式（通过连锁多态性）或反式（通过其他基因的可扩散产物）发生的基因表达进化及其对适应和对环境的反应的贡献。我们回顾了在转录和翻译水平上基因表达变异性缓冲的证据，以及这种缓冲的可能机制。最后，我们总结了关于基因调控进化的一些未解决的问题。
