Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Konstantinstrasse 110, 53179 Bonn, Germany; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Konstantinstrasse 110, 53179 Bonn, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Sep 1;635:687-698. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.013. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
The aquatic environment is strongly connected to the surrounding agricultural landscapes, which regularly serve as sources of stressors such as agrochemicals. Genetically modified crops, which are cultivated on a large scale in many countries, may also act as stressors. Despite the commercial use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for over 20years, their impact on the aquatic environment came into focus only 10years ago. We present the status quo of the available scientific data in order to provide an input for informed aquatic risk assessment of GMOs. We could identify only 39 publications, including 84 studies, dealing with GMOs in the aquatic environment, and our analysis shows substantial knowledge gaps. The available information is restricted to a small number of crop plants, traits, events, and test organisms. The analysis of effect studies reveals that only a narrow range of organisms has been tested and that studies on combinatorial actions of stressors are virtually absent. The analysis of fate studies shows that many aspects, such as the fate of leached toxins, degradation of plant material, and distribution of crop residues in the aquatic habitat, are insufficiently investigated. Together with these research needs, we identify standardization of test methods as an issue of high priority, both for research and risk assessment needed for GMO regulation.
水生环境与周围的农业景观密切相关，后者常常成为农用化学物质等压力源的来源。在许多国家，大规模种植的转基因作物也可能成为压力源。尽管转基因生物（GMO）已经商业化应用了 20 多年，但它们对水生环境的影响直到 10 年前才受到关注。为了为转基因生物的水生环境风险评估提供信息，我们呈现了现有科学数据的现状。我们只确定了 39 份关于水生环境中 GMO 的出版物，包括 84 项研究，我们的分析表明存在大量知识空白。现有信息仅限于少数几种作物植物、特性、事件和受试生物。效应研究的分析表明，只有少数几种生物接受了测试，几乎没有关于压力源组合作用的研究。对命运研究的分析表明，许多方面，如浸出毒素的命运、植物材料的降解以及作物残体在水生栖息地中的分布，都没有得到充分的研究。除了这些研究需求，我们还确定了测试方法的标准化，既是 GMO 监管所需的研究和风险评估的一个高度优先事项。
