Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2018;138:241-255. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.01.013. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
The placebo and psychotherapy are both effective psychological interventions. Next to being characterized by their own and specific controversies and debates, there is a persistent-and least for psychotherapy-looming notion that these two interventions share more than just the first letter. Based on Grünbaum's influential conceptualization of placebo, this chapter critically reviews both the time-honored claim that psychotherapy is a placebo as well as the argument that the placebo concept does not translate to psychotherapy. We conclude that there is an unwanted proximity between these two interventions and that empirical attempts to separate the "wheat from the chaff" in psychotherapy research face several distinctive challenges and thus are often methodologically comprised by the integrity of the placebo. However, drawing on recent, innovative research, we conclude that psychotherapy can be saved, i.e., shown to be distinct from the placebo, by employing study designs derived from the placebo research. We conclude that the placebo concept has profound implications for psychotherapy, psychotherapy research, and last but not least its ethical practice.
安慰剂和心理疗法都是有效的心理干预措施。除了各自具有独特的争议和争论之外，还有一个持续存在的观点，至少在心理疗法领域是这样，即这两种干预措施不仅仅是第一个字母相同。基于 Grünbaum 对安慰剂的有影响力的概念化，本章批判性地回顾了心理疗法是安慰剂的悠久主张，以及安慰剂概念不适用于心理疗法的论点。我们的结论是，这两种干预措施之间存在不必要的接近，并且在心理治疗研究中试图将“小麦与谷壳”分开的实证尝试面临着几个独特的挑战，因此往往受到安慰剂完整性的方法学限制。然而，我们借鉴了最近的创新研究，得出结论认为，可以通过采用源自安慰剂研究的研究设计来挽救心理疗法，即证明其与安慰剂不同。我们的结论是，安慰剂概念对心理疗法、心理疗法研究以及最后但同样重要的是其伦理实践具有深远的影响。
