Jiang Yi, Wang Denong
Tumor Glycomics Laboratory, SRI International Biosciences Division, USA.
Open Access J Biomed Eng Appl. 2018;1(3). Epub 2018 Mar 7.
Liquid biopsy uses noninvasive blood test to assess tumor heterogeneity and evolution in real time. It looks for tumor components in the blood circulation, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), to provide tumor-specific information. By detecting multiplex tumor biomarkers, including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and other tumor-derived substances, liquid biopsy helps with early tumor diagnosis, tumor evolution monitoring, and prognosis prediction. With the development of high-throughput OMICS tools like carbohydrate microarray and high-speed fiber-optic array scanning technology (FAST scan), it is now practical to identify glycan markers of CTCs and cancer stem cells (CSCs), especially those that are cell-surface exposed and readily accessible for immune recognition and targeting. Potential of this class of biomarkers in tumor subtyping and targeted immunotherapy is yet to be explored.
液体活检采用非侵入性血液检测来实时评估肿瘤异质性和演变。它在血液循环中寻找肿瘤成分，如循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）和循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA），以提供肿瘤特异性信息。通过检测多种肿瘤生物标志物，包括核酸、蛋白质、碳水化合物和其他肿瘤衍生物质，液体活检有助于早期肿瘤诊断、肿瘤演变监测和预后预测。随着碳水化合物微阵列和高速光纤阵列扫描技术（FAST扫描）等高通量组学工具的发展，现在已能够识别CTC和癌症干细胞（CSC）的聚糖标志物，尤其是那些暴露于细胞表面且易于进行免疫识别和靶向的标志物。这类生物标志物在肿瘤亚型分类和靶向免疫治疗中的潜力尚待探索。
