State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, Shandong Province, PR China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Aug;79:181-192. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.040. Epub 2018 Apr 21.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature are the potential immunomodulators in fish and play the important roles in regulating immunity. We studied the effect of intermittent hypoxia under different temperature on the immunomodulation in vaccinated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The expression of immune-related genes, enzymatic activities, histology, cumulative mortality, and S. agalactiae clearance were assessed. Study conditions were intermittently hypoxic (4.0 ± 1.0 mg/L DO) at 30 ± 0.5 °C or 35 ± 0.5 °C. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA expression in spleen and head kidney were significantly lower in vaccinated hypoxic fish compared to the vaccinated normoxic fish. Levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in tissues showed an opposite tendency. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly lower in vaccinated hypoxic fish. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly greater under hypoxic conditions. In vitro studies evaluated the effects of intermittent hypoxia at different temperatures on cells of vaccinated O. niloticus. Phagocytic activity of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in head kidney cells were significantly decreased by intermittent hypoxia at either 30 °C or 35 °C, while nitric oxide levels in tissues cells increased significantly under hypoxic conditions. These changes were well reflected by the further suppression modulation on S. agalactiae clearance in vaccinated O. niloticus and higher cumulative mortality by intermittent hypoxia. Taken together, intermittent hypoxia at either 30 °C or 35 °C could suppress immunomodulation in vaccinated Nile tilapia.
溶解氧（DO）和温度是鱼类潜在的免疫调节剂，在调节免疫中发挥重要作用。我们研究了不同温度下间歇性缺氧对接种尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）免疫调节的影响。评估了免疫相关基因的表达、酶活性、组织学、累积死亡率和无乳链球菌清除率。研究条件为 30±0.5°C 或 35±0.5°C 时间歇性缺氧（4.0±1.0mg/L DO）。与接种正常氧鱼相比，接种缺氧鱼脾脏和头肾中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）mRNA 表达显著降低。组织中热休克蛋白 70（HSP70）水平表现出相反的趋势。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性在接种缺氧鱼中显著降低。丙二醛水平在缺氧条件下显著增加。体外研究评估了不同温度下间歇性缺氧对接种尼罗罗非鱼细胞的影响。在 30°C 或 35°C 时，间歇性缺氧显著降低了外周血白细胞（PBL）的吞噬活性和头肾细胞内活性氧（ROS）的产生，而组织细胞中的一氧化氮水平在缺氧条件下显著增加。这些变化通过进一步抑制接种尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌清除率的调节以及间歇性缺氧导致的更高累积死亡率得到很好的反映。总之，30°C 或 35°C 下的间歇性缺氧可能会抑制接种尼罗罗非鱼的免疫调节。
