Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
Ahidra, Agua y Energía S.L., Sentmenat, 159, 1°1ª, Camí de Polinyà a Gallecs, 08213 Polinyà, Barcelona, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2018 Jul;77:276-286. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.007. Epub 2018 May 30.
The application of livestock manure on agricultural land is being restricted due to its significant content of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), leading to eutrophication. At the same time, the growing demand for N and P mineral fertilizers is increasing their production costs and causing the depletion of natural phosphate rock deposits. In the present work, seven technologically feasible treatment schemes for energy (biogas) and nutrient recovery (e.g., struvite precipitation) and/or removal (e.g., partial nitritation/anammox) were evaluated from an environmental perspective. In general, while approaches based solely on energy recovery and use of digestate as fertilizer are commonly limited by community regulations, strategies pursuing the generation of high-quality struvite are not environmentally sound alternatives. In contrast, schemes that include further solid/liquid separation of the digestate improved the environmental profile, and their combination with an additional N-removal stage would lead to the most environmental-friendly framework. However, the preferred scenario was identified to be highly dependent on the particular conditions of each site, integrating environmental, social and economic criteria.
由于牲畜粪便中含有大量的磷（P）和氮（N），会导致水体富营养化，因此其在农业土地上的应用受到限制。与此同时，对 N 和 P 矿物肥料的需求不断增长，导致其生产成本增加，并且还造成了天然磷矿储量的枯竭。在本工作中，从环境角度评估了七种在技术上可行的用于能源（沼气）和养分回收（例如，鸟粪石沉淀）和/或去除（例如，部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化）的处理方案。一般来说，虽然仅基于能源回收并利用消化物作为肥料的方法通常受到社区法规的限制，但追求生成高质量鸟粪石的策略并不是环境友好的替代方法。相比之下，包括进一步对消化物进行固/液分离的方案则可以改善环境状况，并且如果将其与附加的 N 去除阶段相结合，则会形成最环保的框架。然而，优选的方案高度依赖于每个地点的具体情况，需要综合考虑环境、社会和经济标准。
