Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357;
Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 May 15;115(20):5064-5071. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1801598115. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
Neurotransmitter switching in the adult mammalian brain occurs following photoperiod-induced stress, but the mechanism of regulation is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that elevated activity of dopaminergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PaVN) in the adult rat is required for the loss of dopamine expression after long-day photoperiod exposure. The transmitter switch occurs exclusively in PaVN dopaminergic neurons that coexpress vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), is accompanied by a loss of dopamine type 2 receptors (D2Rs) on corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons, and can lead to increased release of CRF. Suppressing activity of all PaVN glutamatergic neurons decreases the number of inhibitory PaVN dopaminergic neurons, indicating homeostatic regulation of transmitter expression in the PaVN.
成年哺乳动物大脑中的神经递质转换发生在光周期诱导的应激之后，但调节机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们证明了在长日光照周期暴露后，下丘脑室旁核（PaVN）中多巴胺能神经元活性的升高对于多巴胺表达的丧失是必需的。递质转换仅发生在共表达囊泡谷氨酸转运体 2（VGLUT2）的 PaVN 多巴胺能神经元中，伴随着促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）神经元上多巴胺 2 型受体（D2R）的丧失，并且可能导致 CRF 的释放增加。抑制所有 PaVN 谷氨酸能神经元的活性会减少抑制性 PaVN 多巴胺能神经元的数量，表明 PaVN 中递质表达的自身平衡调节。
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