Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
European Associated Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018 May;26(5):792-800. doi: 10.1002/oby.22175.
The past decade has been characterized by tremendous progress in the field of the gut microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Although numerous studies show a strong relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and specific metabolic disorders associated with obesity, the key mechanisms are still being studied. The present review focuses on specific complex pathways as well as key interactions. For instance, the nervous routes are explored by examining the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, and the brain, as well as the endocrine routes (i.e., glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, endocannabinoids) by which gut microbes communicate with the host. Moreover, the key metabolites involved in such specific interactions (e.g., short chain fatty acids, bile acids, neurotransmitters) as well as their targets (i.e., receptors, cell types, and organs) are briefly discussed. Finally, the review highlights the role of metabolic endotoxemia in the onset of metabolic disorders and the implications for alterations in gut microbiota-host interactions and ultimately the onset of diseases.
过去十年，肠道微生物群及其对宿主代谢的影响领域取得了巨大进展。尽管许多研究表明肠道微生物群的组成与肥胖相关的特定代谢紊乱之间存在很强的关系，但关键机制仍在研究中。本综述重点关注特定的复杂途径和关键相互作用。例如，通过检查肠神经系统、迷走神经和大脑来探索神经途径，以及通过肠道微生物与宿主交流的内分泌途径（即胰高血糖素样肽-1、肽 YY、内源性大麻素）。此外，还简要讨论了此类特定相互作用中涉及的关键代谢物（例如短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、神经递质）及其靶标（即受体、细胞类型和器官）。最后，综述强调了代谢性内毒素血症在代谢紊乱发病中的作用，以及对肠道微生物群-宿主相互作用改变的影响，最终导致疾病的发生。
