Kramáriková I, Šípková J, Šída P, Hynie S, Klenerová V
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Folia Biol (Praha). 2017;63(5-6):197-201. doi: 10.14712/fb2017063050197.
The neuropeptide galanin is a widely distributed neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that regulates a variety of physiological processes and also participates in the regulation of stress responses. The effect of stress is dependent on the activity of the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal-adrenal axis. Although the adenohypophysis is a crucial part of this axis, galanin peptides and their receptors have not yet been identified in this part of the pituitary after activation of the stress response. Since there are many controversies about the occurrence of individual galanin receptor subtypes in the adenohypophysis under basal conditions, we decided to verify their presence immunohistochemically, and we clearly demonstrated that the adenohypophysis expresses neuropeptides galanin, galanin-like peptide, and subtypes of galanin receptors GalR1, GalR2 and GalR3. The specificity of the reactions was confirmed by Western blots for galanin receptors. Using real-time qPCR we also demonstrated the presence of three GalR subtypes, with the highest expression of GalR2. In addition, we tested the effect of stress. We found that acute stress did not induce any changes in the GalR2 expression, but increased expression of GalR1 and decreased that of GalR3. We confirmed the involvement of the galanin system in the stress regulation in the adenohypophysis.
神经肽甘丙肽是一种广泛分布的神经递质/神经调质，它调节多种生理过程，还参与应激反应的调节。应激的作用取决于下丘脑-腺垂体-肾上腺轴的活性。虽然腺垂体是该轴的关键部分，但在应激反应激活后，垂体的这一部分尚未鉴定出甘丙肽肽及其受体。由于在基础条件下腺垂体中单个甘丙肽受体亚型的存在存在许多争议，我们决定通过免疫组织化学方法验证它们的存在，并且我们清楚地证明腺垂体表达神经肽甘丙肽、甘丙肽样肽以及甘丙肽受体亚型GalR1、GalR2和GalR3。甘丙肽受体的蛋白质印迹法证实了反应的特异性。使用实时定量PCR我们还证明了三种GalR亚型的存在，其中GalR2的表达最高。此外，我们测试了应激的影响。我们发现急性应激并未诱导GalR2表达的任何变化，但增加了GalR1的表达并降低了GalR3的表达。我们证实了甘丙肽系统参与腺垂体的应激调节。
