HeikkilÄ Maria, Brown John W, Baixeras Joaquin, Mey Wolfram, Kozlov Mikhail V
Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland..
Zootaxa. 2018 Mar 12;4394(1):41-60. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4394.1.2.
We re-evaluate eleven fossils that have previously been assigned to the family Tortricidae, describe one additional fossil, and assess whether observable morphological features warrant confident assignment of these specimens to this family. We provide an overview of the age and origin of the fossils and comment on their contribution towards understanding the phylogeny of the Lepidoptera. Our results show that only one specimen, Antiquatortia histuroides Brown Baixeras gen. and sp. nov., shows a character considered synapomorphic for the family. Six other fossils (Electresia zalesskii Kusnezov, 1941; Tortricidrosis inclusa Skalski, 1973; Tortricites skalskii Kozlov, 1988; Tortricibaltia diakonoffi Skalski, 1992; Polyvena horatis Poinar and Brown, 1993 and a trace fossil purported to be larval feeding damage of Retinia resinella (Linnaeus, 1758)) exhibit a combination of homoplastic characters typical of tortricid moths or characteristic feeding damage. An unnamed species doubtfully assigned to Olethreutinae by Skalski (1992), Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, 1992, Tortricites florissantanus (Cockerell, 1907), Tortricites destructus (Cockerell, 1916) and Tortricites sadilenkoi Kozlov, 1988 do not show enough character evidence to be convincingly placed in Tortricidae. Therefore, we transfer the three latter species from the collective group Tortricites Kozlov, 1988, defined as an assemblage of fossil leafrollers that cannot be placed with certainty in known genera, to Paleolepidopterites Kozlov, new collective group, defined as a group of fossil lepidopterans whose assignment to a certain family is currently impossible.
我们重新评估了先前被归入卷蛾科的11块化石，描述了另外一块化石，并评估了可观察到的形态特征是否足以确定将这些标本归入该科。我们概述了这些化石的年代和产地，并评论了它们对理解鳞翅目系统发育的贡献。我们的结果表明，只有一个标本，即 Antiquatortia histuroides Brown Baixeras 属及新种，显示出一个被认为是该科共源性状的特征。另外六块化石（Electresia zalesskii Kusnezov，1941年；Tortricidrosis inclusa Skalski，1973年；Tortricites skalskii Kozlov，1988年；Tortricibaltia diakonoffi Skalski，1992年；Polyvena horatis Poinar和Brown，1993年以及一块被认为是 Retinia resinella（林奈，1758年）幼虫取食损伤的痕迹化石）呈现出卷蛾科蛾类典型的趋同性状组合或特征性取食损伤。Skalski（1992年）疑似归入小卷蛾亚科的一个未命名物种、Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski，1992年、Tortricites florissantanus（科克雷尔，1907年）、Tortricites destructus（科克雷尔，1916年）和 Tortricites sadilenkoi Kozlov，1988年没有显示出足够的特征证据来令人信服地归入卷蛾科。因此，我们将后三个物种从1988年定义为一组无法确定归入已知属的化石卷叶蛾的 Tortricites Kozlov 集合组，转移到新的 Paleolepidopterites Kozlov 集合组，该集合组定义为一组目前无法确定归入某一科的化石鳞翅目昆虫。
