Bai Weigang, Wang Haiyan, He Ke, Zhao Ruiqin
Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an 710072, China.
School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2018 Apr 23;18(4):1293. doi: 10.3390/s18041293.
The packets carried along a pre-defined route in underwater sensor networks are very vulnerble. Node mobility or intermittent channel availability easily leads to unreachable routing. Opportunistic routing has been proven to be a promising paradigm to design routing protocols for underwater sensor networks. It takes advantage of the broadcast nature of the wireless medium to combat packet losses and selects potential paths on the fly. Finding an appropriate forwarding candidate set is a key issue in opportunistic routing. Many existing solutions ignore the impact of candidates location distribution on packet forwarding. In this paper, a path diversity improved candidate selection strategy is applied in opportunistic routing to improve packet forwarding efficiency. It not only maximizes the packet forwarding advancements but also takes the candidate’s location distribution into account. Based on this strategy, we propose two effective routing protocols: position improved candidates selection (PICS) and position random candidates selection (PRCS). PICS employs two-hop neighbor information to make routing decisions. PRCS only uses one-hop neighbor information. Simulation results show that both PICS and PRCS can significantly improve network performance when compared with the previous solutions, in terms of packet delivery ratio, average energy consumption and end-to-end delay.
在水下传感器网络中，沿预定义路由传输的数据包非常脆弱。节点移动性或间歇性信道可用性很容易导致路由不可达。机会路由已被证明是一种为水下传感器网络设计路由协议的有前途的范例。它利用无线介质的广播特性来对抗数据包丢失，并动态选择潜在路径。找到合适的转发候选集是机会路由中的一个关键问题。许多现有解决方案忽略了候选节点位置分布对数据包转发的影响。本文将一种路径多样性改进的候选节点选择策略应用于机会路由，以提高数据包转发效率。它不仅最大化了数据包转发进度，还考虑了候选节点的位置分布。基于此策略，我们提出了两种有效的路由协议：位置改进候选节点选择（PICS）和位置随机候选节点选择（PRCS）。PICS利用两跳邻居信息来做出路由决策。PRCS仅使用一跳邻居信息。仿真结果表明，与先前的解决方案相比，PICS和PRCS在数据包交付率、平均能量消耗和端到端延迟方面都能显著提高网络性能。
