Mhemed Rogaia, Comeau Frank, Phillips William, Aslam Nauman
Department of Engineering Mathematics and Internetworking, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Department of Engineering, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Mar 10;21(6):1942. doi: 10.3390/s21061942.
Much attention has been focused lately on the Opportunistic Routing technique (OR) that can overcome the restrictions of the harsh underwater environment and the unique structures of the Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs). OR enhances the performance of the UWSNs in both packet delivery ratio and energy saving. In our work; we propose a new routing protocol; called Energy Efficient Depth-based Opportunistic Routing with Void Avoidance for UWSNs (EEDOR-VA), to address the void area problem. EEDOR-VA is a reactive OR protocol that uses a hop count discovery procedure to update the hop count of the intermediate nodes between the source and the destination to form forwarding sets. EEDOR-VA forwarding sets can be selected with less or greater depth than the packet holder (i.e., source or intermediate node). It efficiently prevents all void/trapped nodes from being part of the forwarding sets and data transmission procedure; thereby saving network resources and delivering data packets at the lowest possible cost. The results of our extensive simulation study indicate that the EEDOR-VA protocol outperforms other protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and energy consumption.
近来，机会路由技术（OR）备受关注，该技术能够克服恶劣水下环境的限制以及水下传感器网络（UWSN）的独特结构。OR在数据包传输率和节能方面提升了UWSN的性能。在我们的工作中，我们提出了一种新的路由协议，称为用于UWSN的基于深度的节能机会路由与空洞避免协议（EEDOR-VA），以解决空洞区域问题。EEDOR-VA是一种反应式OR协议，它使用跳数发现过程来更新源节点和目的节点之间中间节点的跳数，以形成转发集。EEDOR-VA转发集可以选择比数据包持有者（即源节点或中间节点）深度更小或更大的节点。它有效地防止所有空洞/被困节点成为转发集和数据传输过程的一部分，从而节省网络资源并以尽可能低的成本传输数据包。我们广泛的模拟研究结果表明，EEDOR-VA协议在数据包传输率和能耗方面优于其他协议。
