Kiriyama Satoshi, Iwata Ryûtarô, Fukaya Midori, Hoshino Youtaro, Yamanaka Yasuyuki
Laboratory of Forest Zoology, Department of Forest Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
Insects. 2018 Apr 23;9(2):48. doi: 10.3390/insects9020048.
Harold (Cerambycidae) is a hardwood boring species endemic to Japan. We investigated the adult mating behavior of this species in the field and laboratory. Most males appeared on mating sites before noon, significantly earlier than females did, in field observations. The female approached and contacted the male; the male responded and started the successive mating sequence, comprising mounting, copulation, and appeasement behavior. Before the encounter, the male raised its fore and mid legs and bent the abdominal tip ventrally. Next, a peculiarly structured bifurcate tip was exposed with opening and closing motion, which can be observed in the entire family Cerambycidae and is thought to be associated with the emission of volatile male sex pheromones. Male and female orientation toward conspecifics was examined using T-shaped olfactometers in four combinations (male⁻male, female⁻male, female⁻female, male⁻female). Males exclusively attracted females, indicating the existence of male-produced sex pheromones. A laboratory bioassay with three temperature regimes revealed the temperature dependence of this calling behavior. The calling behavior occurred only when the air temperature and male body surface temperature, which are associated with light intensity, were within the range of 26⁻33 °C and 26⁻28 °C, respectively.
哈罗德天牛（Cerambycidae）是日本特有的一种蛀食硬木的物种。我们在野外和实验室对该物种的成虫交配行为进行了调查。在野外观察中，大多数雄性在中午前出现在交配地点，明显早于雌性。雌性接近并接触雄性；雄性做出反应并开始后续的交配过程，包括爬上、交配和安抚行为。在相遇之前，雄性抬起前腿和中腿，腹部末端向腹侧弯曲。接着，一个结构独特的分叉末端随着开合动作露出来，这种现象在天牛科中都能观察到，被认为与雄性挥发性性信息素的释放有关。使用T形嗅觉仪以四种组合（雄-雄、雌-雄、雌-雌、雄-雌）对雄性和雌性对同种个体的定向进行了检测。只有雄性吸引雌性，这表明存在由雄性产生的性信息素。一项在三种温度条件下进行的实验室生物测定揭示了这种求偶行为对温度的依赖性。只有当与光照强度相关的气温和雄性体表温度分别在26至33摄氏度和26至28摄氏度范围内时，求偶行为才会发生。
