Zeeb Hajo, Hilderink Henk, Forberger Sarah
Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland.
Health Sciences Bremen, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2018 Jun;61(6):729-736. doi: 10.1007/s00103-018-2733-z.
One quarter of the global disease burden could be avoided with management strategies for environmental risk factors such as air and water pollution, food contamination, injuries and poor road safety. Many decisions influencing health are made outside the health sector; thus, the joint consideration and implementation of health and environmental factors in the relevant policies are becoming increasingly important.
By means of a selective literature search, we identified important policy documents and selected research articles as a basis for the introduction and current discussion of the Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach. Parallels with the Environment in All Policies (EIAP) approach are debated.
The consideration and reinforcement of environmental topics in HiAP and the link with health in the EiAP approach increase the chances of policies with mutually positive effects, especially with regard to the significance of social factors for health and the environment. The UN Sustainable Development Goals provide a good starting point for a joint strategy for reinforcing health and environmental aspects. Health and Environmental Impact Assessments are accepted procedures in many countries. The HiAP strategy implemented in South Australia provides a well-documented institutional approach to the integration and linkage of health and environmental issues. These examples can be used as well-established starting points for a definition of HiAP incorporating the equitable involvement of environmental issues. Barriers to this goal relate, for example, to the particular interests of the various participating sectors.
通过针对空气污染、水污染、食品污染、伤害及道路安全状况不佳等环境风险因素采取管理策略，全球四分之一的疾病负担是可以避免的。许多影响健康的决策是在卫生部门之外做出的；因此，在相关政策中共同考虑并实施健康与环境因素正变得越来越重要。
通过选择性文献检索，我们确定了重要的政策文件并挑选了研究文章，以此作为引入和当前讨论“健康融入所有政策”（HiAP）方法的基础。同时也对其与“环境融入所有政策”（EIAP）方法的相似之处进行了探讨。
在HiAP中考虑并强化环境主题，以及在EIAP方法中与健康建立联系，增加了产生具有相互积极影响政策的可能性，特别是在社会因素对健康和环境的重要性方面。联合国可持续发展目标为加强健康与环境方面的联合战略提供了一个良好的起点。健康与环境影响评估在许多国家都是被认可的程序。南澳大利亚实施的HiAP战略为整合与联系健康和环境问题提供了一个记录完备的制度方法。这些实例可以作为明确纳入环境问题公平参与的HiAP定义的既定起点。实现这一目标的障碍，例如，涉及各个参与部门的特殊利益。
